It may depend on the solvent. If it is compatible with IR optics (usually organic solvents), you may try first with IR. If it is aqueous and the expected content is organic you may try Raman. If the contents are inorganic, you may try with ICP for elemental analysis. But probably you know SOMETHING about the expected contents, don't you?

It may depend on the solvent. If it is compatible with IR optics (usually organic solvents), you may try first with IR. If it is aqueous and the expected content is organic you may try Raman. If the contents are inorganic, you may try with ICP for elemental analysis. But probably you know SOMETHING about the expected contents, don't you?

Thanks, yes i know some basic bonds but not totally!

will try these analysis

Please remember that, if you are interetsed in the solute and not in the solvent, you should subtract the IR spectrum of the pure solvent in the same cuvette. Of couse, this will limit you ability to identify the solute, wherever the solvent itself exhibits strong absorption. CCl4 and CS2 are useful (atlhough nasty, toxic) solvents with broad "windows".

I took Qualitative Inorganic Analysis (1966) and there is a decision tree to follow and get close to the unknown(s). This assumes the solvent is water. If it is an aqueous mixture of solvents with or without unknown solute, or otherwise has no water, then you can follow Gyorgy's derivation. Unknowns analyses requires more preliminary (basic) descriptive information to provide an exacting question for appropriate answering. See? Science's sought answers do make multitudes of questions!

thanks dear Mr.Koelzer for your complete answer, i should arrange some analysis for this solution.

above booth answer is complete, IR spectroscopy is good for primary screening and as you say you have some idea about its Basic bond so its easy to analyse it then go for UV and find out the λmax and your solution is pure then go for mass and NMR spectra.

if have mixture then i think LCMS is best for that

For Organic compounds:

1. Preliminary qualitative analysis of metabolites

Ref.: Harborne JB. Phytochemical methods: A guide to Modern techniques of plant analysis. 3rd ed. New York: Chapman and Hall; 1998.

2. HPLC and HPTLC fingerprinting

3. Thin layer chromatography (If the standard available)

4. Column Chromatography using various combinations of solvents

5. Fraction collection from Column chromatography and characterization (UV, FTIR, GCMS, NMR (1D & 2D), LCMS)