Suggest me a method or testing technique to identify a polymer nanocomposite which is belonging to the category of intercalated or exfoliated nanocomposite
(I am not expecting the definition of INTERCALATION and EXFOLIATION)
Dear Karuppasamy,
The attached review article fully covers the answer to your question.
I have copied relevant text that depicts the answer to your uestion for quick view:
Generally, the structure of nanocomposites has typically been established using WAXD analysis and transmission electron micrographic (TEM) observation. Due to its easiness and availability WAXD is most commonly used to probe the nanocomposite structure [2–6] and occasionally to study the kinetics of the polymer melt intercalation [80]. By monitoring the position, shape, and intensity
of the basal reflections from the distributed silicate layers, the nanocomposite structure (intercalated or exfoliated) may be identified. For example, in an
exfoliated nanocomposite, the extensive layer separation associated with the delamination of the original silicate layers in the polymer matrix results in the
eventual disappearance of any coherent X-ray diffraction from the distributed silicate layers. On the other hand, for intercalated nanocomposites, the finite layer
expansion associated with the polymer intercalation results in the appearance of a new basal reflection corresponding to the larger gallery height.
Hoping this will be helpful,
rafik
Dear Karuppasamy,
The attached review article fully covers the answer to your question.
I have copied relevant text that depicts the answer to your uestion for quick view:
Generally, the structure of nanocomposites has typically been established using WAXD analysis and transmission electron micrographic (TEM) observation. Due to its easiness and availability WAXD is most commonly used to probe the nanocomposite structure [2–6] and occasionally to study the kinetics of the polymer melt intercalation [80]. By monitoring the position, shape, and intensity
of the basal reflections from the distributed silicate layers, the nanocomposite structure (intercalated or exfoliated) may be identified. For example, in an
exfoliated nanocomposite, the extensive layer separation associated with the delamination of the original silicate layers in the polymer matrix results in the
eventual disappearance of any coherent X-ray diffraction from the distributed silicate layers. On the other hand, for intercalated nanocomposites, the finite layer
expansion associated with the polymer intercalation results in the appearance of a new basal reflection corresponding to the larger gallery height.
Hoping this will be helpful,
rafik
With using XRD analysis we can see the characteristic peak of the related clay. When intercalation occurred, this peak moves to bigger two theta degree. If all the clays were delaminated in the polymer matrix the peak for clay would disappear. However, if some of the clays are interclated and some of are exfoliated, you can not determine the exfoliated structure from XRD, due to the peaks from intercalated clays. Then a TEM analysis is the key analyze for clay dispersion style. I will add some of my works to the message.
Article Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (L-Lactic Acid)/Clay ...
Article Preperation of Poly (Lactic Acid) Nanocomposite via Catalyst...
As suggested by earlier professors , both XRD and TEX are used to find out, easier method is XRD
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