Changes in temperature, precipitation, and humidity will significantly impact the quality and quantity of water across the country, where water resources are also under unprecedented pressure from population growth, rapid urbanization, and inefficient water use.
@ Tahira, events like droughts, heavy rains, unseasonal rains, hail storms, floods, etc are on the rise due to climate change and have impacted Indian economy adversely. Demands for water are steadily rising. The consumption of water would escalate further with pressure from industrialisation and urbanisation. For more details, please have a look of the attached file.
Please go through the following RG links.
Article Water resources in India and impact of climate change
Article Water resources and climate change: An Indian perspective
Climate change having impact on rainfall intensity and distribution of rainfall, variation in rainfall and some areas are facing flood and some area drought condition. In my area in august 2019 half part of the district is having flood condition and remaining part faced water shortage condition
Please have a look at the following link:
Article Climate change and water availability in Indian agriculture:...
Please follow the link below:
Article Assessment of the climate change impacts on the water resour...
From what I know, India has lots of waters and rivers due to the mountings . The people of India should be very careful in the way of utilizing theses waters. The rivers are not clean because India does nothing for it. You should preserve the waters from their springs down to the sea. You should not allow all those people going into the water. Take the water outside and wash yourself. It is the same.
Sustainability of development refers to ensuring high reliability of meeting future demands without compromising on the hydrologic, environmental, and physical integrity. In the Indian context, large scale changes – due to changes in land-use patterns as well as due to climate change – may have serious implications on the sustainability of the development of water resources. India is endowed with rich surface water resources but an extremely uneven spatial and temporal distribution of the rainfall, which is the primary source of surface waters, frequently results in severe water scarcity in some regions and, flood hazards in others.
It is estimated that by the year 2050, except Godavari, Brahmani-Baitarani, Mahanadi, and Narmada all river basins would be facing water scarcity. Eight river basins would be critically water-scarce according to the standard definition of water scarcity. These estimates do not account for possible impacts due to climate change. The IPCC report on climate change (e.g., IPCC, 2001) suggests that changes in climate could aggravate periodic and chronic shortfalls of water, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas of the world. Most part of India being arid or semi-arid, the country may be particularly vulnerable, especially with water resources mainly derived from single-point systems such as bore-wells or isolated reservoirs.
http://www.isec.ac.in/JSED/JSED_V3_I1_57-87.pdf
Article Hydrological Response to Agricultural Land Use Heterogeneity...
https://www.jstor.org/stable/24091910?seq=1
Hope it helps you.
Cheers
India must do at least three things, before a clear picture of the water situation can exist:
1.) Include the atmospheric dust into the climate models from... https://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/shared-bin/display_image.cgi?URL=/aerosol_web/globaer/ops_01/india/current.gif so that you can see that wherever the Pakistan-Arabia Dust Cloud is present, it has an impact on drought, floods and impacting on the track of cyclones.
2.) Discover the kind of native trees that create the rain clouds for the country..and replant hundreds of billions more, to produce more even rainfall across the whole country. See https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/does-rain-come-from-life-in-the-clouds
3.) Stand down the military, and use those funds to produce real National Security... for fixing the ecosystem, clean water for all, sanitary places for everyone to poop, a free solar panel on every rooftop, etc. At the same time, all nuclear weapons must be dismantled, and peace treaties with your neighbors and treaties to resolve all territorial claims resolved, so you will not need any militaries?
If India does not start to do all of these three things very soon... then India will continue on the wrong path--not knowing which way to go, and without the funds to get on the correct path when that path is found?
Nobody liked my last answer? Here is another issue, maybe I will get a few recommendation for this new answer?
READ... https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/does-rain-come-from-life-in-the-clouds
Get these six concepts firmly in the minds of everyone who lives in your country-
1.) All rainclouds start from bacteria... living on the leaves of broadleaf evergreen plants, like some kinds of tropical to temperate forest trees, and some broadleaf evergreen shrubs and herbaceous plants.
2.) Discover which plant are the hosts for those bacteria... and start planting more. You can see a raincloud being born, right after rain stops, the bacteria get airborne and start forming a new cloud. Image attached of a cloud being born here in California.
3.) Use some of India's military funds... to plant more rain-cloud trees--your rainfall ultimately originates in SE Asis, and makes clouds again wherever the host plants for the bacteria live.
4.) By replanting the host plant across India... all the way Pakistan, you are guaranteed of that moisture making it all the way across India for your farms and cities.
5.) The moisture going across from India, needs to be "reseeded" periodically... by the bacteria on the host plants as the monsoon moisture moves westward in summer, and if some of the "repeater stations" have been cut down or are missing, then there are less clouds to make it all the way across the country.
6.) By replanting at the edge of the THAR desert moving westward... over time, the entire THAR desert could be converted back to a grassland-savannah, as it was not so many hundreds of years ago?
Maybe this answer will get a few recommendations??? India YouTube videos:
1.) Saving rain water / Making Swales / Water irrigation in the tropics / Growing food in Asia at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzHlQ88jnQ4 just by building swales to slow down the flow of water?
2.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhoV-vBAyFI is India's Water Revolution #4: Permaculture for Wastelands at Aranya Farm
3.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CG4-u1q1x3Y is India's Water Revolution #5: Permaculture Rescue for Dying Farmland--saving rainwater in ponds.
Across High Mountain Asia
(HMA) glacier trends show a mixed response, with negative mass balances in the eastern Himalaya resulting in less glacier area in future due to changing climate. Similarly precipitation is decreasing in Ganges and Brahmaputra basins where monsoon is dominant as compared to westerlies (Karakoram and neighboring regions).@TahiraTahira Shahz Tahira Shahz
Natural hierarchy is being disturbed by human operations, specially by the industrial activities. people are less aware of watershed management and soil conservation. For rural areas the source of water is from groundwater which is causing the continuous extraction of the water from ground declining the groundwater table. The illegal operations near by rivers of sand extraction and cutting of trees are another examples of climate change which are affecting on the biodiversity. Basically, every unit is related to something, so when it gets disturbed be ready for consequences and that would be unexpected in any form.
We must start replanting the native vegetation in the deserts of the Persian Gulf, across SW Asia and Northern China---or, the Heat Index is predicted to become too high for humans to live there.
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/the-countries-that-will-be-so-hot-by-2100-humans-won-t-be-able-to-go-outside-a6710121.html
PERSIAN GULF HEAT WAVES--2015 study in Nature Climate Change journal presented computer simulations that predicts a new breed of Super-Heat Waves affecting the Persian Gulf, which have not been seen while humans have been around.
The study co-author is Elfatih Eltahir, is a MIT environmental engineering professor.
According to the study, the “heat index”– a measure of what temperature it feels like outside – for Persian Gulf countries could hot between 74C (165F) and 77C (171F) for at least six hours during the middle of the day.
That is so hot that the human body cannot producing sweat to get rid of the heat, making it dangerous even for healthy people to stay outside for any length of time.
The heat index measures the impact of both temperature and humidity on people. With 50 per cent humidity, an air temperature of 45C (113F) would reach dangerous levels. But with 100 per cent humidity, that feels like 77C (170F) when temps. hit 35C (95F).
Eltahir and study co-author Jeremy Pal, of Loyola Marymount University, said that for people working outside, or with no air conditioning, it would be intolerable.
These Super Heat-Wave events could require a mass-exodus from the region, and have major implications when people flock to the Middle East, potentially causing many deaths, like during the annual hajj pilgrimage.
SW ASIA -Later in October 2015, Elfatih Eltahir’s and Jeremy Pal extended their predicted “Super Heat Wave” predictions to SW Asia in their article “Future Temperature in Southwest Asia projected to exceed a threshold for human adaptability” at https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2833. The threshold for human-survival is a “heat index” of 35C (95F), which is calculated by adding the percentage of relative to the shade air temperature.
NORTH CHINA added--In 2018, Eltahir’s prediction were extended to include “North China Plain threatened by deadly heatwaves due to climate change and irrigation”
“https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05252-y
Therefore, all of the parts of the world that will have the future “Super Heat Wave” air temperatures plus high humidity, MUST start replanting their local native plants along with their native Pseudomonas host plants, to drop both the maximum air temperatures and start precipitating that excess moisture into rain clouds?
The "wild cards" missing from the article, are the changes made by two items: 1.) The "Pakistan-Arabia Dust Cloud" that can block the monsoon flow to create floods or droughts wherever it lingers, and 2.) The removal of the Pseudomonas host plants, that create the rain clouds. Instead of rain, you get unbearable high humidities and high temperatures.
Drastically impacting the water resources. Need to replanted native tree species, rain water harvesting, awareness among the citizens for proper use of water.
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