Dear Mehdi Zandebasiri

Yes it very difficult to avoid deforestation because the people are dependent on forest for timber and other forest product and avoid of harvesting will create social complication for the society. In this situation, we can manage the forest. Instead we resort for exploitation of forest product, we may apply sustainable management in these forest so that the needs of the local community is fulfilled and forest resources are not damaged.

Besides other alternative may also be explored to decrease the dependency of local community on forest i.e artificial plantation of early growing trees species etc

Dear Sultan

Thanks a lot for your answer

This issue is very complex. Identification of local practice management and control of it is very time -cost consuming. we need the forestman that interested with social problems in forests as well as many of this forest are protective and have not income for management practices.

Hope to this question, open a door to answer to optimal decsions in this situations

Regards

Mehdi

Dear Mehdi,

I think we should understand that if deforestation is not avoidable the exploitation of forests and forest resources can be controlled to limit the deforestation process. In fact, forest management is associated with methods and tools that should be thought to be applied. For a good planning, each local community should be recognized enough land for farming and other forest activities because local community members have their customary rights on forests and forest resources. Intensive agriculture should be preferred to extensive agriculture to make sure that people meet their needs but using less forestland. On the other hand, it is important that local communities apply the exploitation techniques and methods that can be sustainable for the resources they deserve and that the future generations would also like to use. In some cases, there is a subsequent local knowledge that should not be ignored while in others there is a need to cope with research results that should be disseminated and capacity building insured. Last but not the least; domestication is one of the responses to the problem. To reduce the pressure on forests and forest resources people should plant forest products that they can finally have closed to them.

Hope you find my comment useful.

Best regards

Abdon 

Dear Mehdi. There is talk of avoiding deforestation in tropical forests in conflict, considering different binding aspects, including improving public policy, applying sustainable forest management as the case of Peten Guatemala, strengthening management and control in protected areas. These binding aspects have been investigated and tested based on scientific studies and lessons learned. What is the best method ?. There is no method to articulate harmoniously deforestation with poor societies. It all depends on the situation where you are, governance, environmental awareness of the people, but most importantly the alternative of life that is of the people to survive with dignity. Here I leave some case studies considering different assessment issues, compared to your question. Regards

Dear Mehdi, N.B. my interest is to a large extent as a conservation campaigner. A key to avoiding serious deforestation, assuming that it is otherwise unavoidable, is to be clear about what forest exists and what its benefits currently are in environmental, conservation and local/domestic socio-economic terms. Planning cannot be carried out without thorough assessment, and if a baseline is not established then it is hard to call a halt to logging if it is going too far because good evidence of what has already been lost does not exist. Bearing in mind that deforestation is often driven by a nation's need for foreign exchange, strong evidence of the potential for economic, environmental and social harm is needed to bring about a reasonable compromise between domestic and internationally driven interests.

Dear Abdon

Thanks for your answer

That is right. Each local community should be recognized but if excutive management do not have the sufficient work force for recognize of  local community, what should we do?  local communities have customes and prctices in forest management along with traditional knowledge. recognization of this customes and prctices time-cost consumin as well as if excutive management do not have the sufficient Personnel, what should we do?

Regards

Mehdi Zandebasiri

Dear Oswaldo

Thanks a lot for your answer

That is right. Public Policy is very impotant but if Public Policy  focused on protect of this forests and this matter inconsistent with local resident living, what should we do? In this forests, We have to accept the local people role and this matter inconsistent  with focused on protect.

Regards

Mehdi Zandebasiri

Dear Toby

Thanks a lot for your answer.

In such circumstances it is very difficult to integrate social, Biological and Environmental functions. In such circumstances the social function has Overweight Compared to other roles. Sustainable forest management Management should be aware of the importance of the social functions.

Regards

Mehdi Zandebasiri

Dear Colleagues

Do you think accept of traditional knowledge of local resident answer this question?

Regards

Mehdi Zandebasiri

there is a need to adopt governance model based on collaboration so as to provide a win-win game for both community members and foresters. Collaborative natural resource governance is based on network between agencies and community members so that at the end of the day, the socio-economic needs of people are met whilst the environment is regulated. But embarking on collaboration is complex and challenging, yet feasible. please see the article below

Yeboah-Assiamah, E., Muller, K. and Domfeh, K.A., 2016. Rising to the challenge: A framework for optimising value in collaborative natural resource governance. Forest Policy and Economics, 67, pp.20-29.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934116300089

Dear Emmanuel

Thanks for your answer

Many communities (especially the poor) adjacent to forests depend on forests for different products to improve their livelihoods. Unfortunately if harvesting is not done in a sustainable way forest degradation is likely to occur. Deforestation can be avoided if alternative livelihood options are provided to such communities to minimise their heavy dependence on the forest for different products.

I think the real problem often is not the poor who are overusing forest land and degrade it in the process. In many countries the economic interest in forest resources leads to much greater impacts. This is true often in tropical forests. Here more public concerns and also organization might be helpful to reduce such impacts, but cases where forest officials and illegal loggers cooperate make such efforts difficult and dangerous.

In my opinion, promoting local people to use NTFPs and eco-tourism may be good solutions to address this problem. Nowadays, many developing countries including Thailand have applied community-based forest management as the most effective approach to restoring degraded forest area. No only enhance environmental health, but also help to increase socio-economic benefits to people who live nearby.