Measure the Double Layer Capacitance of the Electrode: The double layer capacitance (Cdl) of the electrode can be measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy or cyclic voltammetry1.
Measure the Double Layer Capacitance of a Flat Surface: The double layer capacitance of a flat surface (CdlRef) is also measured1.
Calculate the Roughness Factor: The roughness factor is then estimated by normalizing the double layer capacitance of the electrode with the double layer capacitance of a flat surface1. This can be represented by the formula:\text{Roughness Factor} = \frac{C_{dl}}{C_{dlRef}}Roughness Factor=CdlRefCdl
Calculate the Density of Electrochemically Active Sites: Using the roughness factor, the density of electrochemically active sites can be obtained by calculating the density of active sites on a flat surface multiplied by the roughness factor1.
Remember, the specifics of your experimental design might need to be adjusted based on the characteristics of the electrode and the specific objectives of your research. It’s always a good idea to consult with a materials scientist or electrochemist to ensure your experimental design is robust and appropriate for your study.
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(1) Best Practices for Reporting Electrocatalytic Performance of Nanomaterials. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsnano.8b07700.
(2) Reporting activities for the oxygen evolution reaction - Nature. https://www.nature.com/articles/s42004-023-01024-y.pdf.
(3) New insights into evaluating catalyst activity and stability for oxygen .... https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2018/se/c7se00337d.