Dear Lee Hk, AFM is applied for both film surface roughness and adhesion. Please check the following documents. My Regards

https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2020.1798647

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2016.05.013

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4130233/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229915143_Nano-scale_shear_mode_testing_of_the_adhesion_of_nanoparticles_to_a_surface-support

Abdelkader BOUAZIZ thanks for answering and cooperation

and as I read u can assess the mechanical stability by doing this, How?

after I measure the adhesion strength and know if this CE on FTO has good adhesion with the substrate.

also, how could I measure the mechanical properties by AFM?

Dear Lee,

You could read the next papers:

Article Adhesion Forces Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy in Humid Air

Article Measurement of the strength and range of adhesion using atom...

Article Adhesion force mapping on wood by atomic force microscopy: I...

Best,

Fran

Francisco Manuel Marquez thanks so much