The magnetic susceptibility measurement will give information about number of unpaired electrons, and startiung from elementary analysis and the number of unpaired electrons youc an determine the valence.
As Laszlo said, you can measure the magnetic susceptibility of a sample of vanadium compound and you can then calculate the magnetic moment of the sample from the magnetic susceptibility value. you can also obtain the number of single electrons from the magnetic moment. The number of single electron gives the oxidation state of vanadium. vanadium in oxidation states of (II) and (III) has 3 and 2 single electrons respectively whereas it is diamagnetic in oxidation state of (V). There are a number of methods for measuring the magnetic susceptibility, such as Gouy's method. In this measurement, you must know the molecular weight of the compound and the type and number of the elements present in the that compound.
Magnetic susceptibility will help to distinguish, for example, between 3d0 VO2(+) and its reduced form 3d1 VO(2+). It is also useful to determine the vanadium oxidation state in the dihydride VH2 (the source of H2 in fuel cells) that can formally be seen as containing H-, H or H+.
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