HELLO,

The answer above given by Mohamed Zbair ·is the most currently used method for this purpose

The zero surface charge characteristics of the activated carbon were determined using the solid addition method [1]. For this purpose, 60 mL of 0.1 M KNO3 solution was prepared in different flasks. Their pH was roughly adjusted between 1 and 14 by adding either 0.1 N HCl or NaOH and measured using pH meter. The total volume of the solution in each flask was exactly adjusted to 50 mL by adding KNO3 solution of the same strength. The pHi of the solutions was accurately noted. Next, (X) g of activated carbon was added to each flask and the suspensions were placed in a shaker for 24 h and allowed to equilibrate for 1 h. The final pH values (pHf) of the supernatant liquid were noted. The difference between the initial and final pH values (∆pH) was plotted versus the pHi. The point of intersection of the resulting curve with the axis of abscissas, resulted in the pHpzc. before and after pHpzc are acidic and basic, respectively. ( X can be different dose of activated carbon)

[1] Reddy, S., Sivaramakrishna, L., & Varada Reddy, A. (2012). The use of an agricultural waste material, Jujuba seeds for the removal of anionic dye (Congo red) from aqueous medium. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 203, 118-127.

The titration is a method. But the primary work which can be done is the zero point pH, i.e. pHzpc. This can help you to understand the normal pH of the solution as soon as you put your adsorbent in the solution.

I am new to wine making and really struggling to understand how to add the NaOH after Acid titration into my wine or must. Can you please explain a bit.

Thank you

Than you Utkarsh........Appreciate very much

Sauli