I am getting difficulty to find out Empty bed contact time (EBCT), for removal of Diclofenac Sodium from wastewater by using column study.
Dear Hariom,
Please read the following text which was taken from a publication entitled " Controlling trace organic contaminants with GAC adsorption". You can use the same method described and follow the calculations methods used which indicated in equations 1-2:
GAC adsorption is a nonsteady-state process that involves time- and resource-intensive pilot studies for optimized designs. Bench-scale tools have the potential to reduce the time and expense associated with pilot studies, resulting in a more informed process selection. Estimating the cost of GAC requires consideration
of three primary variables: capital cost, GAC use rate, and the adsorber operational cost. Capital cost is mostly driven by adsorber size and can be highly variable, depending on space availability, hydraulics, influent water quality, location, reactivation approach, and operation strategy. The use rate is a measure
of the GAC mass needed to treat a given volume of water. The bed life is the frequency of how often the GAC must be replaced, which may be a significant portion of the operational cost for some systems.
In this study, use rate and bed life were used as an indicator of cost, because capital and operating costs of GAC adsorbers are site-specific. The use rate for a single adsorber to a specific treatment objective is calculated in Eq 1:
Use rate = PGAC/BVTO (1)
in which rGAC is the apparent bed density of the GAC media, BVTO is the throughput in bed volumes (BV) to the treatment objective (TO); BV = volume treated/volume of empty GAC bed or BV = operation time/EBCT.
The bed life is calculated in Eq 2:
Bed life = BVTO × EBCT (2)
The rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT) can be used to estimate use rate and bed life on the bench scale early in the process planning stage.
The objective of the current study was to assess GAC control of trace organic contaminants relative to GAC control of T&O compounds and DBP formation. A series of RSSCTs was performed to assess the effects of influent contaminant concentration, influent DOM concentration, EBCT, and operational strategies.
These results were then projected to full-scale use rate and bed life for typical scenarios. MIB was selected to represent T&O removal because earlier work has shown MIB to be more weakly adsorbed than geosmin (Kim & Summers, 2006). Because bed life is a function of EBCT, comparisons were made at a 10-min EBCT, which is typical for both FAs and PFAs.
For more information, please see the attached publication.
In addition, the following publication depicts another example:
https://www.google.ps/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjP-bOR96XMAhVoC8AKHTIJDjgQIAgeMAE&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwebcache.googleusercontent.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dcache%3AgBdvsv-JdD0J%3Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.malmokongressbyra.se%2Fkongress%2Fdownload%2F1507_M.%252520Libanio.pdf%2B%26cd%3D2%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dps&usg=AFQjCNFz9r1HZs_ejUy_nOCy4NcWwhzvIA&sig2=ttySEtL6Pwn8r8YX-VelCA&bvm=bv.119745492,d.ZGg
Hoping this will be helpful,
Rafik
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