There are many models for assessing translation and interpreting quality, however, each model assign different weights for the same criterion. Also, the theories that address the processes of translation and interpreting seem to be in isolation from the real hindrances that translators and interpretrs may face.
Dear Thaher, the answer to your second question is straightforward: If a theory about a social phenomenon does not align with the reality of that phenomenon, it has not undergone (enough) empirical validation. Or, in other words, the theory does not describe its phenomenon appropriately, because it was not (empirically) compared against the "thing it is supposed to model". Unfortunately, any misaligned theory will necessarily also make wrong predictions about how translators work and how they work well.
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