Backlash, a clearance between mating gear teeth, is built into speed reducers to let the gears mesh without binding and to provide space for a film of lubricating oil between the teeth. This prevents overheating and tooth damage.
On the other hand, the same clearance causes lost motion between reducer input and output shafts, making it difficult to achieve accurate positioning in equipment such as instruments, machine tools, and robots. For these applications, there are three basic ways to reduce or eliminate backlash: precision gears, modified gears, and special designs that use components other than gears.
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