The simplest sampling approach in solid waste is random quartering. You keep quartering and chose one of the quartiles (randomly) until you reach a sample of around 1 kg. Remove inorganics, such as metals, stones etc (which you weigh and express as a percentage of the total wet sample), then you dry and grind the rest at less than 1 mm. Then you select randomly at least 5 samples of 1 - 1.5 dry g each and perform bomb calorimetry.

Attached file may help you.

Regards

Vit

Besides the papers from Vit. try and check the following,

Edjabou, VME, Jensen, MB, Götze, R, Pivnenko, K, Petersen, C, Scheutz, C & Astrup, TF 2015, 'Municipal solid waste composition: Sampling methodology, statistical analyses, and case study evaluation' Waste Management, vol 36, pp. 12-23.

In general there are almost never homogeneous municipal waste samples. Waste is inherently heterogeneous, so the initial sample will always be important to make representative. Errors of sampling in lab is minor, in comparison to the quality of your waste sample.

When sampling, please consider the different techniques you have to employ when homogenizing chrushing etc. prior to performing the analyses. Against this background it is adviseable to collect separate samples of material fractions (e.g. plastcs, paper, organics). Then analyse these material fractions and use the results from a waste composional analysis of the pile (or part of it) as the weighting factors for the calorific value of the material fractions.

Dear İbrahim Halil Yılmaz ,

Thank you very much for your answer.

Regards,

Ali Reza Shahvaran

Dear Vit Mateju ,

Thank you so much for your useful files.

Regards,

Ali Reza Shahvaran

Dear Anders Damgaard ,

Thank you very much for you suggestion and explanation.

Regards,

Ali Reza Shahvaran

Dear Harald Weigand ,

Thank you for your reply. I will consider that.

Regards,

Ali Reza Shahvaran

The simplest sampling approach in solid waste is random quartering. You keep quartering and chose one of the quartiles (randomly) until you reach a sample of around 1 kg. Remove inorganics, such as metals, stones etc (which you weigh and express as a percentage of the total wet sample), then you dry and grind the rest at less than 1 mm. Then you select randomly at least 5 samples of 1 - 1.5 dry g each and perform bomb calorimetry.

Dear Dimitriοs P. Komilis ,

I am grateful for your help.

Best regards,

Ali Reza Shahvaran