To estimate carbon stock of the tree systems in agriculture fields or urban trees with direct remote sensing methodologies accurately.
That really depends on the technique you use.
Full wave form lidar is very expensive, but provides a very good estimate of above ground woody biomass (irrespective of whether the tree is alive, dead or in variable condition).
SAR also provides good estimates, but needs a thorough understanding of backscatter characteristics of both the trees and the surrounding landscape, but is likely to be problematic in urban areas due to the array of different scattering elements.
Traditional airborne or spaceborne high resolution optical will allow you to identify/count the number of trees and you'll need to have some sort of allometric relationship between crown size and wood volume to estimate carbon stock. The more stratified and locally validated your allometric relationship...the more reliable the result.
Here I would to bring your intention toward very high resolution WorldView-2 (8 spectral bands and 0.5m spatial resolution) data for biomass and ultimately carbon stock using selected field data collection, linking with satellite data.
Thanks for the valuable answers.., how about using the coarse resolution data like MODIS for the national level assessment of carbon stocks out of the forest lands ?
MODIS scale data is well suited to national scale vegetation mapping particularly if you don't have the computation resources to tackle it using moderate resolution data like Landsat. However MODIS scale data is not well suited to the task of detecting trees in agricultural fields and urban environments due to it's coarse spatial resolution (too many other signals being mixed into the one pixel).
based on my experiences, Toady it is possible to measure biomass through Discrete return terrestrial LiDAR scaing techniques. Especially its pretty much accurate in tree positioning as well as breath and Height measurements.
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