Probably the easiest method, which can be rather rough and ready is to use "loss-on-ignition" (LOI)... The attached links give an easy to follow summary of the method and some discussion... It is a fairly 'rough-and-ready' method, but it is quick and easy to process a large number of samples and requires little specialist equipment (just a balance and a furnace), so it depends how precise you want your data to be. I am an environmental archaeologist, and LOI is a fairly routine method applied to many soils and sediments I work with.