Thanks Davide, this will certainly help!

Genomics and Genetics of Human and Primate

Y Chromosomes

Jennifer F. Hughes1 and Steve Rozen2

1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, and Department of Biology,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142;

email: [email protected]

2Neurobiology and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School,

169857 Singapore; email: [email protected]

Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 2012.

13:83–108

First published online as a Review in Advance on

April 5, 2012

The Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics

is online at genom.annualreviews.org

This article’s doi:

10.1146/annurev-genom-090711-163855

Copyright c 2012 by Annual Reviews.

All rights reserved

1527-8204/12/0922-0083$20.00

Keywords

MSY, clonal transmission, ampliconic, X-degenerate, evolution,

spermatogenesis

Abstract

In mammals, the Y chromosome plays the pivotal role in male sex determination

and is essential for normal sperm production. Yet only three

Y chromosomes have been completely sequenced to date—those of human,

chimpanzee, and rhesus macaque. While Y chromosomes are notoriously

difficult to sequence owing to their highly repetitive genomic

landscapes, these dedicated sequencing efforts have generated tremendous

yields in medical, biological, and evolutionary insight. Knowledge

of the complex structural organization of the human Y chromosome and

a complete catalog of its gene content have provided a deeper understanding

of the mechanisms that generate disease-causing mutations and

large-scale rearrangements. Variation among human Y-chromosome

sequences has been an invaluable tool for understanding relationships

among human populations. Comprehensive comparisons of the human

Y-chromosome sequence with those of other primates have illuminated

aspects of Y-chromosome evolutionary dynamics over much longer

timescales (>25 million years comparedwith 100,000 years).The future

sequencing of additional Y chromosomes will provide a basis for a more

comprehensive understanding of the evolution of Y chromosomes and

their roles in reproductive biology.

Hi Tim,

These are a little dated, but may be useful to your work.

Best, Steve