A Netflix film I viewed recently stimulated this research question - Mrs Chatterjee versus Norway. It focused on one of many cases in which the child-welfare agency of the Norwegian state denied Indian immigrant parents custody of their own children because they disapproved of Indian child-rearing practices. It reminded me of the 1960's 'scoops' in which child-welfare agencies of Canada's provincial governments removed Indigenous children from their natal families. In both , removal was claimed to be 'for the good of the child'...specifically the individual child not the family. The Norwegian case also stressed feminist gender norms..one claim against the Chatterjees was that the father didn't help in child-rearing.