i have examined the sediments around and inside the river for the heavy metals , it seems that they are accumulated , it is surprised for some one give reasons for metal concentration change due to dilution effect
Dilution is very effective process for reducing the ionic concentration.
I think these papers may help you
http://aquaticcommons.org/22607/1/IFRO-v12n2p398-en.pdf
https://www.shd.org.rs/JSCS/Vol76/No5/14_4760_4160.pdf
https://journal.gnest.org/sites/default/files/Submissions/gnest_02488/gnest_02488_proof.pdf
Coud you explain the question ?
However, link given below may be useful for you.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279314409_Variation_of_Trace_Metals_in_Liquid_and_Suspended_Phases_of_Water_in_Middle_and_Lower_Catchments_of_River_Mahaweli_Sri_Lanka?_sg=BVrh6gxnvAvTR32dAoIvmCzUOlsCoKf3p8JdRFLGww3r8C1M1wjwDDLXh8TY4DYVDvMKlXWGMhf7p-L_QPfAnIKzxu3asq1f9MGgkm7a.PIIn3oVjunWvieARcz5mnsN0pYJbYUH-7XUHvw20DFZ2v9M5oUCShMdU7eAwKJwpB9mVUxk9T183HBNReYGjRw
Heavy metal concentrations are higher in the sediments compared to the surface of river water due to prolonged pollution. The sediment serves as a reservoir or sink of the metal pollutants in river water. About 30 to 98% of the river metal load is transported in sediment making it rich in metal concentrations compared to the surface water. Though dilution may affect the metal levels in the surface water, the metal levels in the sediments indicate longer period of contamination. Refer to the following links and the attached file for more guide.
Article Evaluation of water quality variation in lakes, rivers, and ...
Pollution threat of heavy metals in aquatic environments
Best regards.
If there isa continuous metal source, they will be accumulated in the sediment
Dear Sir
When heavy metal pollutants entering the river , they undergone dilution according to the great volume of river water . If the river has slow flow-rate , some of metals precipitate to the sediments . Sediments acts as a sink for many contaminants specially heavy metals .
with best wishes
Dear Tahseen,
pH, ORP and sorption of hevy metal species on suspended solid, are major factors affect the accumulate heavy metals from dilute water to bottom sediment. However, if TDS is low in water, ability to presipitate them as salt is very poor.
Piyal Aravinna
Considering Chemical oxigen demand for digestion of an Inorganic Heavy metal waste only needs a chemical oxidising agent . But the digestion kinetics may vary with time .
Some of the metals precipitate to sediments on channel bottom and sides.
Depending on the hardness of water it will be accumulated on the soil sediment.
With increasing hardness the accumulation rate will increase.
The possible mechanisms of the metal intake by the sediments are physico-chemical adsorption from the water column, biological uptake particularly by bacteria and algae, and the sedimentation and physical entrapment of enriched particulate matter. The link below further clarifies on the mechanisms of metal accumulation in the sediments.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-009-8009-9_31
Best regards.
If the source of the metals is depleted and there is no drought, the concentration will depleted in the water. If the situation is contrary, there will be dilution.
The river bed sediment serves as sink for metals. Prof. Isa Koki and Prof. A. G. Piyal Aravinna, have already explained. The dilution, dispersion and deposition of metals depends on various prevailing physicochemical parameters of water and flow rate of the river. Usually the accumulation is comparably higher at point sources.
Some of our papers may help.
1. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (2005) 102: 419–433
2. Journal of Hazardous Materials (2009) : 171 (1088–1095
3. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (2014) : 110, 49–55
4. Chemosphere (2017): 179, 167-178
When looking at remediation (notably bioremediation to recover contaminated soils), the attached may also be of interest.
- There are possibilities of dilution of heavy metal content in river water before settling on the sediments. Dissolved heavy metals undergo transfer from one place to other during flowing, to atmosphere during evaporation, to the aquatic biota flora and fauna through uptake as bio-accumulation, through transformation from one compound to other and ultimately to bottom sediments. All these factors are responsible for the dilution of heavy metal level before deposition on the sediments.
I think the following should be considered:
1. How long is the river exposed to pollution source(s)?
2. What is the natural cleansing power of the river? Consider the rate of recharge, velocity and mixing.
3. Sizes and nature of the river sediments.
4. Nature of the heavy metals in question.
Article Assessment of heavy metal contamination in the sediment of t...
Good article: researchgate.net/publication/324182500_ASSESSMENT_OF_HEAVY_METALS_IN_RIVER_WATER_SEDIMENT_AND_FISH_MUSSEL_IN_RUPSHA_RIVER_UNDER_KHULNA_DISTRICT_BANGLADESH
Hello Mr. Tahseen Ali Zaidan , look our work
L.V. Mikhailova, A. A. Chemagin Distribution of Macro and Microelements in the Bottom Sediments of Lower Irtysh // Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 11(5):349-360 DOI: 10.3923/jfas.2016.349.360
Yes heavy metal concentration decreases because of dilution with respect to time.
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