Does gravitational constant change with distance and could there be dark matter that has no gravitational effect on normal matter?
Respected Sir,
Rk Naresh
The gravitational constant 𝐺G does not change with distance. It is considered to be a fundamental constant of nature, representing the strength of the gravitational force between objects, regardless of their separation distance. The value of 𝐺G is approximately 6.67430×10−11 m3 kg−1 s−26.67430×10−11m3kg−1s−2, and it remains constant throughout the universe.
Regarding dark matter:
- Nature of Dark Matter: Dark matter is a hypothetical form of matter that does not emit, absorb, or interact significantly with electromagnetic radiation, making it invisible and detectable only through its gravitational effects on visible matter.
- Gravitational Effects of Dark Matter: Dark matter exerts gravitational effects on normal matter and other cosmic structures, despite being invisible. In fact, the presence of dark matter is inferred from its gravitational influence on stars, galaxies, and the large-scale structure of the universe.
- Possible Lack of Interaction with Normal Matter: While dark matter interacts gravitationally with normal matter, it may have minimal or no other interactions (such as electromagnetic or strong/weak nuclear forces) that are typically observed in ordinary matter. This characteristic is a key aspect of why dark matter is challenging to detect directly through conventional means.
@Rk Naresh
I prefer to call this the "Newton Puzzle".
This is because there ought to be multi-dimensional gravitational constants, and not just the one (G) Newton introduced, which corresponds/works/is jurisdictional on only galactic scales. The disparity between General Relativity and Quantum Dynamics is actually the "Newton Puzzle".
Gravitational constants vary inversely as distance and mass.
Plugging a higher order of magnitude gravitational constant into the Einstein Field Equation for instance should normalize GR and QD.
The universal gravitational constant is the gravitational force acting between two bodies of unit mass, kept at a unit distance from each other. The value of G is a universal constant and doesn't change. Its value is 6.67×10−11 Nm2/kg2. Gravity is affected by the size of objects and the distance between objects. A measure of the amount of matter in an object is mass. An object with a greater mass falls faster than an object with a smaller mass. When the distance between two objects increases, the force of gravity decreases.At 11km/s you can successfully break orbit and escape the gravitational pull of the Earth. At 10km/s the Earth will eventually slow down your ascent till you begin falling back towards the ground. These values are at ground level. Dark matter accounts for five times as much of the universe as ordinary matter. However, we know little about it other than that it only interacts with ordinary matter through gravity. Despite our lack of knowledge, scientists do have overwhelming indirect evidence for dark matter. This means it does not absorb, reflect or emit light, making it extremely hard to spot. In fact, researchers have been able to infer the existence of dark matter only from the gravitational effect it seems to have on visible matter. If dark matter is invisible, how do we know it exists? While dark matter doesn't interact with normal matter in most cases, it does affect it gravitationally, so we can map its presence by looking at clusters of galaxies, the most massive structures in the universe. Even if we assume that the "dark matter" is made entirely of "anti-matter", then, it will annihilate and produce photons when it comes in contact with matter. So, there is no way of saying whether it is possible for dark matter to be converted into normal matter.
The current theoretical model for the composition of the universe is that it's made of 'normal matter,' 'dark energy' and 'dark matter.' A new uOttawa study challenges this.
A University of Ottawa study challenges the current model of the universe by showing that, in fact, it has no room for dark matter.
In cosmology, the term "dark matter" describes all that appears not to interact with light or the electromagnetic field, or that can only be explained through gravitational force. We can't see it, nor do we know what it's made of, but it helps us understand how galaxies, planets and stars behave.
Rajendra Gupta, a physics professor at the Faculty of Science, used a combination of the covarying coupling constants (CCC) and "tired light" (TL) theories (the CCC+TL model) to reach this conclusion. This model combines two ideas -- about how the forces of nature decrease over cosmic time and about light losing energy when it travels a long distance. It's been tested and has been shown to match up with several observations, such as about how galaxies are spread out and how light from the early universe has evolved.
This discovery challenges the prevailing understanding of the universe, which suggests that roughly 27% of it is composed of dark matter and less than 5% of ordinary matter, remaining being the dark energy.
By challenging the need for dark matter in the universe and providing evidence for a new cosmological model, this study Rk Naresh opens up new avenues for exploring the fundamental properties of the universe.
Rajendra P. Gupta. Testing CCC+TL Cosmology with Observed Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Features. The Astrophysical Journal, 2024; 964 (1): 55 DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad1bc6
Article Testing CCC+TL Cosmology with Observed Baryon Acoustic Oscil...
Dark matter accounts for five times as much of the universe as ordinary matter. However, we know little about it other than that it only interacts with ordinary matter through gravity. Despite our lack of knowledge, scientists do have overwhelming indirect evidence for dark matter. This means it does not absorb, reflect or emit light, making it extremely hard to spot. In fact, researchers have been able to infer the existence of dark matter only from the gravitational effect it seems to have on visible matter. Dark matter is composed of non-baryonic matter. The lead candidate, WIMPS (weakly interacting massive particles), are believed to have ten to a hundred times the mass of a proton, but their weak interactions with "normal" matter make them difficult to detect. Most matter in our universe is dark matter, which does not emit, reflect, or otherwise interact with light. While scientists don't know what it's made of, they know it's there, because its gravity gives it away: Large reservoirs of dark matter in our universe warp space itself. Within the Milky Way, dark matter appears to become a significant but still minority contributor at roughly the distance of the Sun’s orbit around the galactic center, or 25,000 light years. However, the Solar System itself has no apparent affects, since it is an immediate over dense region. Gravity is affected by the size of objects and the distance between objects. A measure of the amount of matter in an object is mass. An object with a greater mass falls faster than an object with a smaller mass. When the distance between two objects increases, the force of gravity decreases. The gravitational force between point-like masses and is directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The gravitational field strength is directly proportional to mass creating the field and inversely proportional to the square of the distance. Gravitation is the attraction between objects that have mass. Newton's law states: The gravitational attraction force between two point masses is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their separation distance. The farther apart two objects become, the weaker the pull between the two becomes. Further, the relationship between distance and gravitational pull is not a simple one, but rather what we call an inverse square relationship.
Rk Naresh
Please refer to my paper, "Dark Matter is Just Gravity, Only Normal Matter is the truth"
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375084693_Dark_Matter_is_Just_Gravity_Only_Normal_Matter_is_the_truth_Dark_Matter_is_Just_Gravity
where I prove that dark matter is not a separate form of matter but rather an effect of gravity. In this context, let's address your questions:
1. Does gravitational constant change with distance? The gravitational constant, denoted by 𝐺G, is a fundamental constant in physics that represents the strength of the gravitational force between two objects with mass. According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. However, the gravitational constant 𝐺G itself is considered to be a constant value, meaning it does not change with distance. It provides a constant scaling factor for the gravitational force equation.
2. Could there be dark matter that has no gravitational effect on normal matter? My paper suggests that dark matter is not a distinct form of matter but rather an effect of gravity. If we interpret dark matter as a manifestation of gravitational effects caused by the distribution of mass in the universe, then it will not have a direct gravitational effect on normal matter beyond what is already accounted for by the observed gravitational interactions. In other words, dark matter would influence the motion of normal matter through its gravitational effects, but it will not interact through other known forces.
Overall, my paper presents the correct viewpoint on the nature of dark matter, suggesting that it is a gravitational phenomenon rather than a separate form of matter.
Stephen I. Ternyik
Exactly. This is the current study but my paper proved this wrong long time back in 2023.
Please check the article on Article Dark Matter is Just Gravity, Only Normal Matter is the truth...
Thank you Sandeep Jaiswal for bringing your work to my attention !
Stephen I. Ternyik
As always...you are welcome and let me know if there are any further doubts or queries in this regards...
Congrats for your excellent methodical reasoning Sandeep Jaiswal .
What is your take of : Preprint On gravitational preheating
That mechanism relies purely on gravity; most cosmologists call this step the preheating phase of the inflaton decay, and it can give rise to some crazy physics.
Stephen I. Ternyik
The concept of gravitational preheating, proposed by Oleg Lebedev and Jong-Hyun Yoon, offers a novel perspective on the early universe's dynamics. This mechanism relies on gravitational interactions to transfer energy and generate particles following the inflationary epoch. Referred to as the "preheating phase of the inflaton decay" by cosmologists, it can lead to complex and non-trivial physics phenomena. Overall, gravitational preheating presents an intriguing avenue for exploring the interplay between gravity, particle physics, and cosmology, offering valuable insights into the universe's early evolution.
Regards,
Sandeep
- Badges
- Science topic
- Similar topics
- Social Psychology
- Attitude