Does biodiversity increase from tropic to pole and why are the North poles not as biodiversity as tropical areas?
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I think it is a result of the tiltation of the earth at 23.5 Degrees. This influence the angle of inclination of the sun towards the earth/North pole and also further its distance from the sun. As a result there is a gradation in solar insolation directed to the earth with an increase in solar insolation as we move towards the Equator. Since the sun is the source of energy needed by living organisms, they gradually increase as we move to areas which receive more solar energy. More solar energy also lead to increased evapotranspiration and rainfall making water available to living organisms hence abundance in the tropics. Low temperatures due to reduced solar insolation and long distance from the sun lead to very low temperatures (Average, 0 degrees Celsius in summer & -40 Degrees Celsius in winter) and most living organisms can hardly survive under such conditions.
due to a number of circumstances, the first of which is the steady environment and temperature. Since the climate in the temperate zone is so harsh, it is quite difficult for animals to survive there
The biodiversity shows a latitudinal and altitudinal gradient. The species diversity decrease as well as we move away from the equator towards the poles with very few exceptions, tropics harbour more species than temperature or polar areas. This is what has been called 'latitudinal gradient of species diversity'. In short, it means that tropical areas, which are located between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, harbor a greater number of species than temperate areas. As a general rule, increasing biodiversity can be achieved by diversifying the range of habitats or vegetation structures available at a site. This can be achieved by, for example, varying mowing regimes, planting or seeding with native tree and shrub species, or occasional soil disturbance. Many species which lived in these regions become extinct during dramatic climatic changes. Hence, we find a lower number of species in these regions. In Polar Regions due to extreme cold climatic condition and less availability of sunlight species diversity is very less.The higher temperatures in the tropics cause higher rates of metabolism, ecological dynamics and co evolutionary processes, which generate and maintain higher biodiversity. This encourages niche specialization and high species richness. The poles and driest deserts are nearly devoid of life because they are simply too cold or too dry for organisms to survive and reproduce there. There might be more biodiversity near the equator because it's warmer year round, allowing organisms to continue growing. Locations away from the equator will have cold winters that will slow growth for microorganisms, plants and animals. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth; it is usually greater in the tropics as a result of the warm climate and high primary productivity in the region near the equator. Tropical forest ecosystems cover less than 10% of earth's surface and contain about 90% of the world's species. The poles and driest deserts are nearly devoid of life because they are simply too cold or too dry for organisms to survive and reproduce there. Relative to the tropics, the Arctic has limited insulation (lower solar energy input and thus colder temperatures) and a shorter elapsed time for diversification. In the Arctic, climate warming and biodiversity loss are more interlinked than any other place on Earth. Temperatures in the Arctic have risen more than two times faster than the global average. This has led to sea ice melting at unparalleled speed, negatively affecting marine ecosystems and biodiversity.The higher temperatures in the tropics cause higher rates of metabolism, ecological dynamics and co evolutionary processes, which generate and maintain higher biodiversity.
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