I want to know history of discovery of atom structure ,the scientists and their research papers or experiments .
as John Dalton,Bohr and Arnold Sommerfeld
I'm afraid you have to be a little more specific, there are literally thousands of books, websites, and papers devoted to the history of atomic structure. Just google "the discovery of atomic structure" and you will find many sites, documents, and presentations. Check wikipedia. Go to Amazon.com, search for history of atomic theory, find hundreds of books on all levels. If you are interested in historical research I would recommend searching journals like "Archive for History of Exact Sciences" or "Foundations of Physics" and then search for instance for Rutherford, of any of the other names you mentioned. An interesting paper with many references from the first mentioned journal is "The scattering of a and ß particles and Rutherford's atom" by Heilbron, Archive for History of Exact Sciences 21. 2. 1968, Volume 4, Issue 4, pp 247-307. It has many references to papers, and discusses the historical context of the findings and problems scientists faced. If you are interested in the research papers themselves, and can't get to them, let us know, maybe the RG community can help. As it stands your question is far too general to make a good answer possible.
Dear Mahoud Abdallah,
The best source will be Wikipedia. Some interesting papers by Bohr may also give some historical references. In particular the book written by Bohr way back in 1929 is also a good reference.
Muhammad Aslam Baig
Dear Muhmoud Abdallah,
Among many other books I would mention:
A. Chalmers. The Scientist's Atom and the Philosopher's Stone. Springer, 2009.
A comprehensive and documented history of theories of the atom from Democritus
to the twentieth century. (This is for early history, a chapter about John Dalton and his theory is presented too)
Pais A. Inward Bound: Of Matter and Forces in the Physical World. Calderon Press, 1988. The book describes what has been discovered and understood about the constituents of matter, the laws to which they are subject, and the forces that act on them since the discovery of x-rays.
Brandt S. The Harvest of a Century: Discoveries in Modern Physics in 100 Episodes
Oxford University Press, 2009. The book retraces important discoveries, made between 1895 and 2001, in 100 self-contained Episodes. Each is a short story of the scientists involved, their time and their work. The text is intended for easy reading. Occasionally, a more thorough discussion of experimental set-ups and theoretical concepts is presented in special boxes for readers interested in more detail. Episodes contain extensive references to biographies and original scientific
literature. The book is richly illustrated by about 600 portraits, photographs and figures.
@Mahmoud,
I attend some papers out of history, try to read and interprete them. If you have more interests, please let me know. I have a short collection of historical papers.
And of course you should try to find the textbooks of all the prominents like the collegues have already mentioned.
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