Latitude is the most important climatic control, due to the effect is has on the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Temperatures drop the further an area is from the equator due to the curvature of the earth. In summer, the altitude influences the temperature variations more significantly with a July lapse rate of -4.3°C /km and the effect of latitude is only −0.28°C /olatitude. In winter, the reverse happens. The temperature decrease is mainly due to the increase in latitude. The factor that determines the amount of insolation received is the angle of inclination of the rays. This depends on the latitude of a place. The higher the latitude the less is the angle they make with the surface of the earth resulting in slant sun rays. Terrestrial radiation heats the atmosphere the most. As a result, places near the earth are warmer than places further away as the distance from the earth's surface increases, the temperature decreases. The factors affecting the Climate of India are Pressure and Wind Systems, Altitude, Relief Features, Latitude, Ocean Currents, and Distance from the Sea. So there are a total of six factors that affect the climate of India. Climate controls the numerous variations in temperature that one may experience.

The amount of insolation received varies from latitude to latitude. Regions within the equator and 40° N and S latitudes receive abundant sunlight and hence more heat will be gained than lost. Hence they are energy surplus regions. Regions beyond 40° N and S latitudes lose more heat than that gained from sunlight. Due to the curvature of the Earth, a beam of light striking the Equator passes through less atmosphere than one at a higher latitude. As the amount of atmosphere through which the beam passes increases, the greater the chance for reflection and scattering of light to occur, thus reducing insolation at the surface. Latitude is one of the main factors affecting temperature. With increase in distance from the equator the amount in insolation on an area decreases due to the round shape of the earth so, not every place receives the same amount of sunlight. Another reason is the differing angle of solar incidence. At the Equator there is a year round gain of Insolation and this region gains the most Insolation of all of the locations on the globe. The amount of Insolation at the Equator also varies little throughout the year. The lowest latitudes get the most energy from the Sun. The highest latitudes get the least. The difference in solar energy received at different latitudes drives atmospheric circulation. Places that get more solar energy have more heat. At polar latitudes ( 66 ° 66\degree 66° to 90 ° 90\degree 90° ), the sun's rays hit the Earth at even more of a slant. So, at polar latitudes, incoming solar radiation is spread over an even larger surface area, and is even less intense than at mid latitudes. Temperature variations not only depend on altitude but also latitude, and there is a gradual decrease in temperature with the increasing altitude and latitude. The overall trend for the vertical temperature lapse rate for the whole plateau is approximately linear. Angle of solar radiation and temperature vary with latitude and altitude. Therefore, the solar radiation is concentrated over a smaller surface area, causing warmer temperatures. At higher latitudes, the angle of solar radiation is smaller, causing energy to be spread over a larger area of the surface and cooler temperatures. As the earth is round, sunlight does not reach everywhere equally. The temperature decreases as we move from the equator to the poles. Altitude: As we move from the surface of the earth to the higher altitudes, the temperature decreases.