Informal reports provide ample evidence of heavy outbreaks of Cyanobacteria in freshwater and marine ecosystems of Uruguay https://www.montevideo.com.uy/Ciencia-y-Tecnologia/El-ataque-de-las-cianobacterias--que-sucede-con-este-fenomeno-en-Uruguay--uc710025
While there is some detailed information about the "usual suspects" found nearly every year, I did not find data about the species and toxins "participating" in this recent outbreak.
Cyanobacteria producing microcystins, see https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=9409725858232189571&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=de
you always should determine the species... that´s the core of my question. Just saw a photo of bioluminescens from Punta del Este, Uruguay, again: this could be produced by Noctiluca, but also dinoflagellates announcing a Red Tide
" La transparencia no está en su mejor momento tampoco; la DINARA en un decreto dispuso que los investigadores, además de tener que autorizarse en la institución tendrán: "el compromiso de no dar publicidad a cualquier tipo de información, especialmente de los datos obtenidos, sin autorización expresa de la Dinara " https://www.montevideo.com.uy/Noticias/Cientificos-de-UdelaR-presentaron-recurso-contra-decreto-de-la-Dinara-uc688291
A variety of species from the two genera: Microcystis and Dolichospermum
thanks! It seems some species are now appearing in waters with higher salinity, and there are rumours that these are mutations (biotypes of existing species) - or distinct species? Who is monitoring, when and where, and where does the rest of us find the data?
Thank you for your interest. Cyanobacteria have some tolerance to salinity. The blooms are swept by the wind and currents, towards the more marine areas. There are different institutions and research groups studying this situation that seems to have a long time duration. I hope some publications come out soon.
Thanks for your answer! In fact, meanwhile I have seen some publications, including from your group, very impressive! However, I miss a participation of scientists in the public discussion. There are serious hints that herbicides play a keyrole in changing phytoplancton communities towards cyanobacteria, see https://www.jstor.org/stable/2557390?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents and many more.
Another (sub)question refers to #cyanobacteria and toxins in the foodweb: with such high concentrations of cyanobacteria toxins will accumulate in the foodweb, and fish for human consumption might be affected http://radiouruguay.uy/dinara-insta-al-consumo-de-pescado/, in contrast to government statements that it is safe. How was this measured? What about sublethal effects of saxitoxin and other CB toxins?
see Article Cyanotoxins: producing organisms, occurrence, toxicity, mech...
Interesting discussion! We are working in the topic and have some papers including information of the species and their toxic genotypes from freshwater to the ocean in the same region. Soon others will come out, including the recent event. All suggestion are welcomed!
best
Carla
Kruk, C., Angel Segura, Lucía Nogueira, Ignacio Alcántara, Danilo Calliari, Gabriela Martínez de la Escalera, Carmela Carballo, carolina cabrera, Florencia Sarthou, Paola Scavone, Claudia Piccini (2017). A multilevel trait-based approach to the ecological performance of Microcystis aeruginosa complex from headwaters to the ocean. Harmful Algae, 70:23-36. 10.1016/j.hal.2017.10.004
Segura, A. M., Piccini, C., Nogueira, L., Alcántara, I., Calliari, D. and Kruk C. (2017) Increased sampled volume improves Microcystis aeruginosa complex (MAC) colonies detection and prediction using Random Forests. Ecological Indicators. 79: 347–354. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.04.047
Martínez de la Escalera, G., Kruk, C., Segura, A. M., Nogueira, L., Alcántara, I., Piccini, C. 2017. Dynamics of toxic genotypes of Microcystis aeruginosa complex (MAC) through a wide freshwater to marine environmental gradient. Harmful Algae. Harmful Algae 62: 73–83.
In any case, I think it is evident that glyphosate damages all macrophytes, thereby preventing absorption of nutrients by the "usual suspects", favouring other organisms that are tolerant. Cyanobacteria probably could develop resistance against pesticides more rapidly than algae or macrohytes, a hypothesis which can easily be tested (but certainly not by me, as I am an entomologist). Just an idea...
Please let´s discuss this properly, we are not on twitter! The problem is that it is not sufficient to discuss about species, resistance arises in mutants eventually stabilizing as biotypes. Here is one paper Article Molecular analysis of psb A mutations responsible for variou...
by Ajlani et al, and there are probably more!
In any case, here is another more recent paper Article New Evidence of Roundup® (glyphosate formulation) Impact on ...
providing " New evidences of Roundup® (glyphosate formulation) impact on the periphyton community and the water quality of freshwater ecosystems"
Dead seabirds appeared near Punta del Este, with no visible signs of usual causes of mortality (plastics etc). What about cyanobacteria toxins accumulated in the foodweb? https://www.montevideo.com.uy/Ciencia-y-Tecnologia/Buscan-explicacion-a-la-masiva-mortandad-de-especies-en-varios-puntos-de-la-costa-uc719546
More about sublethal effects of saxitoxins Article Subclinical effects of saxitoxin and domoic acid on aggressi...
, according toArticle Kinetic properties of saxitoxin in Atlantic salmon (Salmo sa...
buildup of saxitoxin in muscle tissue is not very likely
A paper related to glyphosate and cyanobacteria: Glyphosate dose modulates the uptake of inorganic phosphate by freshwater cyanobacteria
Article Glyphosate dose modulates the uptake of inorganic phosphate ...
Thank you, interesting! Do you think the toxic cyanobacteria mentioned above in this thread (occuring in Uruguay) react in a similar manner?
Just found this informative FAQ page about cyanobacteria https://www.doh.wa.gov/CommunityandEnvironment/Contaminants/BlueGreenAlgae/FAQs#What%20are%20cyanobacteria and "recreational Water illnesses" https://www.doh.wa.gov/YouandYourFamily/IllnessandDisease/RecreationalWaterIllnesses
latest outbreak in Uruguay (and Brazil) https://www.montevideo.com.uy/Ciencia-y-Tecnologia/Constatan-aparicion-de-cianobacterias-en-Laguna-Merin-uc721196 - again, no info about species composition
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