In thought disorders we observe delusion co exists with language errors. Though from updated data says about STG or Superior Temporal Gyrus responsible for delusions, its not clear how language errors happen although having good language skill .
Definitely yes !!! One of the statements related to Ph. D. dissertation, at least what I heard, "such Degree enables us to weigh the words." Of course one needs time to think to build to write or speak !!!
Anthony G Gordon you are right. Deaf can experience reality other then auditory perception and he can behave accordingly as he can see the letters/signs/symbols. As far as I understood, language cant express thought completely and language may not needed for thought essentially.
Personally, I am also an advocate of Cartesian theory of language, which explains language as only a tool to express thoughts. For humans it is more important than just communication. In the case of thought disorders in schizophrenic patients, probable cause derives from disconnectivity between two language networks in both hemispheres, moreover also between different points in ipsilateral language network. It leads to a situation where the lack of communication between hemispheres generate e.g. delusions of thought insert, because when one hemisphere starts 'talking' the second one does not know what it is and rationalize it by ' it is not from our brain, so maybe from another one'.