I guess economic governance gauged by regulatory quality & government effectiveness indicators, social governance gauged by control of corruption & rule of law indicators and political governance gauged by political stability, voice, accountability and absence of violence indicators matters more in influencing the inequalities. In my view, income inequalities are an outcome of bad economic, social and political governance. I invite comment of researchers if they agree or disagree with this argument.
I guess with what you said about inequalities are from bad economic times? What about when the times are good? There was still socioeconomic inequalities. Was it due to lack of resources or because that is the life some choose?
Trade/business cycles can be under both good and bad governance regime. Therefore, good times does not necessarily mean good governance. However, I agree that high growth periods can cause high socioeconomic inequalities.
In my book (attached below), I noticed that some governance indicators correlated with national income per capita. Income inequality did not correlate with national income per capita or governance indicators. We can say that bad economic inequality is more common in poor and middle-income countries (but not in all of them) than in rich countries. In addition, income inequality has regional character so that low inequality was common in Eurasia and high inequality in Latin America and Southern Africa.
Book Missing a Decent Living for Everyone: Success and Failure in...