Soccer robots have both proprioception to note the position of their bodies as well as a visual sense that is egocentric to detect the ball, the goals, and the position of other robots (Behnke and Strucker 2008). To communicate the location of the ball and other items with other robots, an allocentric coordinate system is used, much like that utilized by a group of electric fish (who use electricity to communicate), a pack of wolves (who use gestures and sounds to communicate), or a pod of killer whales (who use sounds to communicate) in pursuit of prey. Perhaps, language evolved to enhance allocentric communication, as is required by soccer robots.

A staunch critic of Noam Chomsky, Daniel Everett has argued that language started some two million years ago (rather than 60,000 years ago, Chomsky 2012) with (bipedal) Homo erectus, who inhabited the South Pacific, used tools, and is suspected of having navigational skill to travel between islands (Everett 2016, 2017). To facilitate the travel, Everett has proposed that Homo erectus used allocentric communication—perhaps, starting with gestures before evolving into verbal behavior some 500,000 years ago for Homo sapiens (Kimura 1993). It is believed that Homo erectus evolved into Homo sapiens.

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