Dear Sunil,

reactivity depends on mineralogy and amorphous phases content. Ceramic process creates well crystalline minerals so tiles waste isn’t the best as Geopolymer precursor.

Can be optimized to be refractory aggregate.

Best regards

Dr. Alex Reggiani

Thank you so much, sir. Can we use it as alkali-activated material by sieving less than 90 micron.

Sunil, you could try to use but you will see that the hardened product will be not stable under water, because leaching of alkaline ions and I don’t know if could be solved this limit. Parallel you will have efflorescence by air exposure reacting with humidity of the air (AAM aren’t stable like GP because aren’t mineral polymers but still hydraulic materials so Na+ ions migrate to the surface and carbonate absorbing CO2).

I know AAM but industrially cannot be used safely. While Geopolymerization process is much more balanced and can be used for industrial applications.

But you don’t have to trust me, feel free to do all AAM you want. I’m just saying that AAM and GP are different technologies and have different mix designs and processing. Of course for newcomers is easier to do an AAM because the method of mixing is the same used for Portland base concrete. To know geopolymerization you must open your mind, forgetting what is working for Portland because the reaction is completely different even if the final fresh and hardened results are still a concrete material. Lot of caos has been created by false GP papers that have been published but without 0% of GP technology inside. GP can be obtained in acid medium or thanks acid/base reactions too, the alkaline way is just the most cheap so it’s preferable for the main applications. But it’s a question of costs and field of work. Check on www.geopolymer.org there are lot of correct scientific papers to understand better what I’m saying.

Best

Alex Reggiani Thank you so much, sir. Thanks for inputs.

You are welcome

Best

Alex

it is difficult to recycle Ceramic tile waste (formation of crystalline phases during the manufacturing process) but to verify the reactive part of this waste you can explore the XRD analysis to determine the degree of crystallinity and the pozzolanity test according to EN 196-5 standard to have an idea on the possibility to use it as Secondary cementitious materials.

Mohammed Ben Ali Thank you so much, sir. I have conducted some tests on it.