Antonios,

Please have some refs. attached; perhaps general but maybe they will help.

Best regards,

Greg

Antonios,

Much of the literature on this topic I know of is older. I offer the following items by Rosati (1990) and Pope and Dean (1986) - see below. Within the Rosati (1990) report the work of Suh and Dalrymple (1987) and many others are reviewed.

Please remember that factors additional to the inter-breakwater gap width may have effects on subsequent salient or tombolo formation. Tidal range is important and the earlier US sources mainly refer to non-tidal or micro-tidal situations whereas the DEFRA 2010 reports focus on macrotidal situations. The grain size of the beach can be important (is it sand, shingle, mixed or composite beach?). A paper by Dolphin et al (2012)  - see link below - demonstrates how sediment supply and beach management practices can result in salients transforming into tombolos.

I wish you success with your research.

Malcolm Bray

Article Decadal-scale impacts of a segmented, shore-parallel breakwater system

 Dear Professor Rozynski and Dr Malcolm Bray. Thank you very much for your answers. Your information is very important for my research. By the way, can you suggest me relative bibliography about the spacing between groynes in a groyne field as well as their optimal length?

I have found an example from Australia and Korea, perhaps they will help.

G.

Antonios,

UK experience in groyne design and function is provided by:

The CIRIA Beach Management Manual (2010) pages 782 - 793. Hopefully you have access to this vital reference manual.

DONG, P. 2004. An assessment of groyne performance in the UK. Coastal Management, 203-213.

Practical experience with groyne design and management on the south coast of England is provided by an excellent series of seminars organised by SCOPAC who make the component presentations available for download on their website - see links below. A detailed report on the Bournemouth/Poole Bay case study ia also provided - see link.

I attach a several papers from the USA including an especially interesting one on shortening of existing groynes.

I hope that these items are useful and I wish you success with your research.

Malcolm Bray

http://www.scopac.org.uk/timber-groynes.html

http://www.scopac.org.uk/rock-groynes.html

http://www.scopac.org.uk/DH_SCOPAC_ROCK_GROYNES_Non-standard_FINAL.pdf