I do not believe artificial intelligence could perfectly translate an ancient text into a modern vernacular. Here are a few reasons why:
1. Language is complex and always evolving. Ancient languages often have words, expressions, and cultural references that do not have exact modern equivalents. Translating them requires deep understanding of the original cultural and historical context that AI does not yet possess.
2. Translation requires subjective judgment of meaning, tone, implication etc. which is very difficult to automate. Human language and communication have nuances that AI cannot yet fully comprehend.
3. Ancient texts may have words whose meanings are unclear or disputed even among human experts. Without a full understanding, a perfect translation would not be possible.
4. Many ancient texts have parts missing or passages that are difficult to decipher. This complicates translation and means there may not be a single "perfect" translation.
5. Aspects like rhyme, meter, rhythm, and wordplay are often important in ancient texts, especially poetry. Conveying these stylistic elements through translation requires human creativity that AI lacks.
So in summary, perfect translation requires subtleties of cultural understanding, subjective assessment of meaning and intent, and creative problem solving that AI has yet to demonstrate. Useful translations could be created by AI, but the complexity of language likely bars perfect translations for the foreseeable future. However, as language AI continues advancing, its ability to translate ancient languages will keep improving.
Achieving the perfect translation of an ancient text into a modern vernacular language by means of artificial intelligence is a complicated task due to the lack of a very high number of documents translated from the ancient language into the modern one, without taking into account other difficulties such as the complexity of cultural and contextual nuances, possible ambiguities, etc.
It is good to remember that translation models use a lot of training data, which facilitates this task.