There are a number of reasons for this. Pozzolanic systems, when well-cured, posses a lower porosity and thus a lower permeability. This prevents the ingress of aggressive species.
Many pozzolans also have a higher alumina content than cement, this encourages the formation of calcium aluminate phases, such as Friedel's salt or Kuzel's salt.
I have had a couple of PhD students working on this topic, so please look at the papers of Okiemute Ogirigbo and Joseph O Ukpata .