Dear Prashant, this was a problem in many zoos some decades ago, but in general, it has been solved by adding behavioural stimuli. Some involve providing a more complex environment, but most are related to feeding. For example, freezing fish or meat in a bucket of ice tests the ingenuity of aquatic species; while hiding food or dispersing it in bark litter tests the animals more. Dublin Zoo and Prof. Nicola Marples of Trinity College Dublin have been testing and researching such methods with herbivores and carnivores.

As visitor effect on the animals is quite dominating in psychological disturbances what sort of measures should be taken for the reduction of visitor effect on the animals as it is usually seen in the zoological gardens?

Make the public work harder to see the animals. This is very successful in game parks and national parks. In Dublin Zoo, up to 9 elephants live in a densely planted enclosure, and primates live on a series of islands, and people wait and search to see them. The days of enclosing wild animals in cages face to face with the public are surely over.

Fot an example of prof. Marples' work, please see: Healy E. & Marples N.M, The Effect of Enclosure Complexity on Activity Levels and Stereotypic Behaviour for Three Species of the Genus Panthera at Dublin Zoo, Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Symposium on Zoo Research, 2000, 2000, pp35 - 42

I would like to thank Sir Julian D. Reynolds for their words of wisdom

More answers/ suggestions would be appreciated

animals are important part of nature. They all together maintain a harmonic balance in nature. Conservation of animals is the practice of protecting animals, especially the wild and endangered ones, in order to prevent them from getting extinct. Major causes of extinction of animals are: (1) degradation of ecosystem, (2) loss of habitat due to human interference, (3) loss of mobility due to limited space, and (4) trade of items of wild origin. Methods of animal conservation include: (1) establishment of national parks and wild life reserves, (2) ex-situ conservation, (3) creating awareness and raising conservation program, and (4) legislation. Hence, to maintain wildlife population, maintaining the number of animals in balance with their habitats, keeping their natural habitat conditions intact, leaving the breeding population undisturbed and preventing the species from extinction are the main aim of animal conservation.

If speaking about visitor interaction and negative effect on animals, rarely sound control is taken into consideration. In attachment you could see an example from a book I could definitely recommend:

Zoo Animals: Behaviour, Management, and Welfare Di Geoff Hosey, Vicky Melfi, Sheila Pankhurst.

In addition, I could recommend looking at the Qualitative Behavioral Assessment (QBA) tool applied for zoo-housed animals.

I would like to thank Madam Munira and Madam Alisa for their words of enlightment ! But it is commonly seen in the zoos that visitors do not follow the guidelines of the management which may lead to disturbances in the breeding pattern and psychological disturbances.

Animal enrichment is highly dependent on animal species. For some animal social enrichment is a must. For other physical enrichment (climbing structures, elevated surfaces, water features etc). Sensory, cognitive and other types of enrichment also could (and should) be used.

And of course, visitor education must take place in any facility.

P.s. In my previous answer, you could see how reformulation of a statement changed the knocking behaviour of visitors ("only loonies would Knock" VS "please don't knock on the glass" )

Dear Prashant Mahajan

Basically, In zoological garden where environment are created artificially for the animals. Artificial environment it is always benefited for them. There are lots of threats to alter the psychology of an animals. I think

i) The stress environment. Present of people, their motion, noise always destroy the calmness of the zoo environment. People's attitude and movement give them a new stressful situation. Actually wild animal aren't use to see crowd.

ii) The permanent or define area (limited area) which is also stressful for them. Because animals want to migrate for better place in a year. They search for natural change.

iii) Network signal, many electronic device give lower/higher frequency which can change animal's behavior.

There are lots of things to know more about this changes.

Dear Munira Nasiruddin madam wonderful. I have learnt more from your answer. You bring out many important issues about this psychological disorders.

Thank you

The Mental Hospital and the Zoological Garden - CLAS Users

users.clas.ufl.edu › burt › ellenberger

PDFcalled the zoomorphic fallacy, is not uncommon among certain behaviorist ... chopathic reactions of the animal in the zoological garden can help us better ... park, where numerous beasts were kept in conditions of relative liberty