I am evaluating the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in artificial saliva of Co-Cr alloys manufactured by different processes (SLM, SMB and OVERCAST). The circuit that better fitted to the data is composed with two layers, with the inner layer in series with the Bounded Warburg diffusion element (see attach).

No previous work has reported such behavior. What could justify the presence of such element?

In addition, the values found for the Warburg element are mostly negative. Is this possible?

I would like if some one could help me.

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