I want to convert phenol into cyclohexane via hydrodeoxygenation process. Most literatures suggest to use bifunctional HZSM-5 (acid catalyst) supported Pd catalyst (metal catalyst). However, I want to replace HZSM-5 with other material. I guess natural zeolite can be used to replace HZSM-5. However, I also have to consider the Bronsted acidity and porosity of natural zeolite. How can I tune those properties of natural zeolite? Reference will be very helpful.
as you know proper catalyst is not always the optimal one. the proper catalyst has many benefits and i think you can find many catalyst for this reaction.
A Clinoptilolite or a Mordenite have channel systems equivalent to those of ZSM-5, moreover it is possible to increase their Si/Al ratio from 6 in Natural form to about 10-15 by acid hydrothermal treatment, then ion exchange with ammonia followed by heat activation to get the Acid Form. In my book Physical Chemistry of Materials, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2009, could you find more information
One of the advantages of Zeolites is the turnability of the pore structure. As Afol mentioned, the first step is to de-aluminate to increase the silica/alumina ratio. That will also enhance the acidity, porosity as well as surface area. You can check my article on zeolite modification "Synthesis and application of hierarchical mesoporous HZSM-5 for biodiesel production from shea butter"; de-alumination of kaolin "Synthesis of hierarchical nanoporous HY zeolites from activated kaolin, a central composite design optimization study", "Synthesis and characterization of hierarchical nanoporous HY zeolites from acid‐activated kaolin", "Kaolinite properties and advances for solid acid and basic catalyst synthesis" and "Synthesis and characterization of sulfated hierarchical nanoporous Faujasite zeolite for efficient transesterification of shea butter". The article titled "Insight into catalyst deactivation mechanism and suppression techniques in thermocatalytic deoxygenation of bio-oil over zeolites". Kaolin is a mineral clay with almost the same components as raw zeolites.
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