AERONET stations are placed at specific sites, so that their data only serve to those sites. MODIS is a satellite database with high spatial resolution (less than 1 km) so you could get data from sites where it is not possible to install measuring stations or sensors. For over two months I am trying to access the MODIS image data, but the task is not obvious. Now I'm trying GIOVANNI and ICARE to see if I can quickly access the information of the layers of the MODIS images.
You need to be more specific about your needs in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. In my experience, MODIS generally reports good AOD data _except_ over arid areas, where it overestimates considerably. MISR is less sensitive to the high albedo effect, but still is not perfect. The quality of AOD data from SeaWifs is erratic, so I would not use that for serious work.
The problem with MODIS or MISR is that there are many missing data points at their highest spatial resolution. That issue still exists with their aggregated data (monthly averages at 1x1° for MODIS or 0.5x0.5° for MISR).
You might also consider the modeled MACC data. It is low spatial resolution but available on a sub-daily basis.