The carbon black adheres to the paper with the help of various waxes.
Familiar one-time black carbon paper (the kind used for credit card receipts, for example) is coated with a mixture commonly composed of paraffin wax (33%), mineral oil (25%), carbon black (15%), china clay or kaolin (12%), montan wax (8%), carnauba wax (6%), and methyl violet or gentian violet (1%).
Less common one-time blue carbon paper is commonly coated with a mixture composed of iron blue (21%), paraffin wax (20%), petrolatum (20%), mineral oil (15%), carnauba wax (10%), china clay (10%), and montan wax (4%).
At the lab scale, the mayer method for coating would be the most simple one to reproduce at a lab scale:
1. An ink pan heated to between 76 and 82% degrees Celsius.
2. Apply the heated ink onto one side of the paper.
3. Pass the paper over an equalizer rod, which scrapes the coated paper to smooth it out and remove excess ink. The equalizer rod may be either smooth or ridged.
4. Chill and cool the paper to solidify the ink onto the paper.