http://jnnurm.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/RTP_MOD-2.5.pdf

http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/t0165e/t0165e07.htm

For mapping Arc/ GIS and Erdas imagine can be used.

soil survey can be used for farming and planning for crops as well. 

Some ideas are to make linkages to related items such as climax plant species, habitat types, soil moisture relationships, soil physical properties, local topography, landtypes, parent material, slopes, aspects, elevations, and similar variables to provide the information needed to begin mapping landtypes or soils using air photos or other mapping procedures from higher elevations.  These can often prove quite effective in mapping of unexplored territories.

As per John's answer, soil scientists usually take known soils types and where they normally occur and then using elevation, slope, climate, vegetation, etc., extrapolate and apply that data to the larger area. They then select a number of random locations to field test their model and adjust it if necessary. While not 100% accurate, this provides an approximate soil map with the least amount of fieldwork.

Thank respectable colleagues for the interest.

Further the soil is very diversely distributed on the topographies. 

The extrapolation may not help with properties like which are to the interest of geotechnical engineers. Or please further elaborate the relationship of geotechnical properties (infiltration, density, porosity, strength-quality) to the topographic features, e.t.c.

Soil maps are often defined at a pedogenic level. However, I have found that pedogenic classifications do not always do a good job of representing variance in soil chemistry, mineralogy and/or hydrology. If you want a soil map based on traditional pedogenic surveys please be aware that you may not get a very resolved map of soil hydrology and or chemistry. 

Soil maps, at least in the U.S., have always been recognized as projections based on an extrapolated set of known values. Many of these soil maps are in areas with highly diverse topographies and/or complex and widely ranging soils. In a cost-benefit type of analysis, these soil maps provide an idea of the soils in an area without too much expenditure. Normally, if the soils on site differ from that predicted by the soil map, then they usually match adjacent soil types. Projecting soils based on recognized methods and then field checking a number of locations within different areas is the only viable option. The only other method, which takes time and resources, is to do a pedestrian transect or grid survey. A transect survey of multiple lines across the varied landscape will then provide a basis for predicting soil types based on topography, vegetation, moisture, etc.

Mohsin

There were  several scientists at Rumais who were familiar with soil survey procedures in the 1990's.  Some or all of them may have moved on,but they should be  traceable somewhere within HMG or the private sector, and will be able to give you good advice on soil survey in Oman conditions.  The balance between remote sensing, modelling and field work can vary according to conditions and purpose, but I strongly recommend that you should not skimp on the auger transects and profile descriptions.  They will underpin the analytical tools that you apply subsequently.

I wish you all the best and hope that your survey will eventually be widely accessible 

Hi Mohsin,

A clear set of objectives/aims will help regarding the 'type' of soil map you want to produce. Is your goal to provide agronomic information and/or define physical properties of soils and how they vary? It could be both in which case you will need to think very carefully about how to obtain the information you require. In my experience, extrapolation of soil pedogenic profile forms (soil types) on the basis of a visual pedogenic assessment to areas with 'similar' landforms or similar looking soils is not always good enough for hydrological needs such as recharge modelling and/or understanding hydrological controls over water movement or soil chemical variation. In a recent piece of work, we found the variance in soil chemistry was not correlated with soil order or even sub-group but with geomorphic surface age and parent material composition. Hydrologically, the same traditional maps, produced using a soil landscape type approach and traditional field mapping, provides limited information over soil recharge information and/or the pathway water takes within a landscape. From my perspective, a map focussed on soil physical information (hydrological characteristics) is perhaps the strongest basis to work from for agronomic, hydrological and hydrochemical (water quality) needs. This reflects the fundamental importance of soil hydrology over almost all aspects of human endeavour. 

All the best.

Clint