you can start your research with Aura (http://aura-sys.com/technologies/internet-of-things-iot/),. You can also take a look at paper: http://essay.utwente.nl/64431/1/final_Thesis-ver2.pdf
As far as I know there is little standardized in this field. IoT-A (for architecture) seems to be a good effort in doing so, though. You can check its documentation at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272814818_Internet_of_Things_-_Architecture_IoT-A_Deliverable_D15_-_Final_architectural_reference_model_for_the_IoT_v30.
In addition, as I have been researching this topic, please humbly allow me to advice you some documentation where I have cooperated that you could check:
1. Middleware as a whole in the IoT: "A. Semantic as an
Interoperability Enabler in Internet of Things" in a book called "Internet of Things: Converging Technologies for Smart Environments and Integrated Ecosystems".
2. Middleware for a Wireless Sensor Network integrated with other developments: "Combining Wireless Sensor Networks and Semantic Middleware for an Internet of Things-Based Sportsman/Woman Monitoring Application" (http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/2/1787).
All in all, a middleware tailored for a distributed or a Cyber-Physical System must have a top layer dealing with the applications (providing some kind of API via a high level protocol or archtiectural style like CoAP or REST), a middle level where there is a collection of prominent services (registration, semantics, context awareness, etc.) and a low level used to collect the data from the sensors/actuators.
I hope this helps!
Technical Report Internet of Things – Architecture IoT-A Deliverable D1.5 – F...
iFogSim enables modelling and simulation of Fog computing environments for evaluation of resource management and scheduling policies across edge and cloud resources under different scenarios. The simulator supports evaluation of resource management policies focusing on their impact on latency (timeliness), energy consumption, network congestion and operational costs. It simulates edge devices, cloud data centers, and network links to measure performance metrics. The major application model supported by iFogSim is the Sense-Process-Actuate model. In such models, sensors publish data to IoT networks, applications running on Fog devices subscribe to and process data coming from sensors, and finally insights obtained are translated to actions forwarded to actuators.