Our food security is almost govern by these principle cereals and the factor productivity decline continues, in this senerio we have to need some new technological interventions for enhancing production and farmer's income.
One of the issues with rice and wheat rotation is that it has insufficient plant diversity to be sustainable and reduce the issue of pests and pathogens. What would best optimize the rice wheat rotation would be inclusion of legumes and curcurbits which would provide rotation better soil nitrogen and help in weed and disease and pest control. If the monsoon rice crop could be supplemented with broad bean crop then followed with pumpkin crop and returning with the wheat before following again with rice. Rice to broad bean to pumpkin and followed by wheat and back to rice. R BB P W rotation. The pumpkin and the broad bean have the ability to improve diet and the economic returns and be more sustainable. No nitrogen would be needed for pumpkin crop.
Salam,
Your question is very general! But I believe that the current world agriculture don't need any new technology and instead of, we must apply basis of agro-ecology and apperceive each recognition of relations (inter-relations) between plants' growth and yield production, and their environment!
The more thing I have experienced in rice-wheat system is management. I mean management in scientific way. Such as learning the critical stages of plant growth and manage the crop as per. Following best management Practices, precision farming, no tillage or minimum tillage technology followed by rotary mulcher, happy seeder etc in sowing. Use of scale appropriate combine harvester etc reduces cost of production and ultimately increased profit if yield is maintained as per.
The broad sweeping generality of your query is well-considered since it offers responders the most latitude in response. The primary technological innovations I would recommend to a general query would be similarly broad-sweeping answers.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices are great first step in the correct direction for any field crops. Cover cropping & green manure usage is a field of mounting research as are the no-till systems. From permaculture/agroecology we have hydrological management practices, (swales, riparian buffers, etc.), alley/strip cropping techniques and additional crop rotation research. On smaller scales, aquaculture projects managed adjacent to the field crops offers enormous benefits in terms of economic activity diversity and fertilizer expense reductions.
The greatest key I would recommend would be to constantly manage soil health by building soil structure, by retaining moisture, by reducing runoff, by reducing nutrient leaching through the soil profile and by increasing OM content in the soil. The building of OM must be weighed against the realities of herbivorous entomology , the grower's economic situation & weed seeds.
"The nation that destroys its soil destroys itself." -FDR
In a winter wheat and rice crop system the suggestion of addition legume will help in both providing nitrogen and decreasing grass diseases.
In addition I would suggest that concentrating on the use of straw for mushroom production. This would greatly increase the diet and would be more profitable in terms of return on investment.
The remnant materials will be especially effective for increasing the soil quality. It can be used as ruminant feed giving milk or as a feed source for animal labor for the fields.
Small farmers can take advantage of mixed farming systems to greatly increase stability and profitably of small plots.
This is very pertinent question in present condition. Sunil kumar Verma sir, In response to your question i can suggest that, application of precision input management tools and techniques more specially nutrient and water is very helpful in increasing the productivity of R-W system. Furthermore, the adoption biointensive cropping system approach may also be helpful in agumenting the productivity of R-W system.
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