I also agree that it depends on the explant quality and behaviour.if the explant produces exudates then it is better to use liquid medium.but usually semi-solid medium is better for rapid proliferation and normal morphology of the shoots.u can over come exudation problem by frequent transfer during initial few days or by using active charchol / PVP/PVPP.

The advantage of liquid over solid medium is, that it opens a whole scale of larger scale applications for micropropagation. Once you have a good procedure to grow your crop in liquid medium, the transfer to automated TIB-like culture is much easier to make. But for cultures have to be absolutely septic.

For micro propagation Solid medium is better than liquid and semi solid medium depend on plant,explant and nature as advised by other members here .If it produce toxic substance one should use Charcoal ,PVP etc and frequent transfers.Aseptic condition should be maintained.

Well, use of media is depends on the our purpose of experiment. Usually solid medium is better for in-vitro studies like callus induction and regeneration studies.

Well it depends upon the type of results you need. To initiate cultures in my personal experience solid media is better. For in vitro shoot multiplication and rooting liquid media perform well provided the shoots are of reasonable length. The response in liquid media is 2-3- days earlier under such condition. Again depending upon plant, rooting depends upon type of media, eg. for sugarcane solid and liquid both media perform well. But for Potato and other herbs i prefer liquid media as their roots are very much delicate and can be damaged during hardening. As for as callus is concerned, in my experience callus induction, proliferation and regeneration response is better in solid media.

Solid media is better for invitro propagation of plants compared to the other kind of media.

It varies from species to species and explant to explant. But from my experience, its better to choose solid medium.

Generally in liquid media or semi solid media the explant response(proliferation,shoot growth) is more than your solid media,its totally depends upon type of explant, practically maintain the cultures in liquid media is very difficult (plantlets holding etc.,) for micropropagation.Over all solid media is the convenient for all culture experiments

Solid culture media

It depends on the explant which you are using for culture initiation. If the explants from perennial plants and old material probably leaching phenolics you require initial liquid medium for few days followed by semisolid medium. Generally semisolid medium is preferred for any stage of the culture. However, it depends on your experiment to select the suitable medium. May I ask What is the source of explant? and your experiment design.

Since nutrients and growth regulators are easier taken from liquid and semi-liquid media by plant, one can observe better and faster regeneration/growth response. But talking about micropropagation it should be considered, that we need normally developed shoots, which can be obtained only if any kind of support is given - a raft, a "scaffolding" (like in RITA system) or ... solidified medium.

Liquid media for shoot-cultures brings some problems with subcultures and handling with plants. In a large-scale propagation liquid media are often used for the intensification of prolifaration at early stages (especially when somatic embryogenesis, adventitious regeneration or PLBs formation is involved) but at the end solid medium is usually applied. Another important question for consideration is what kind of solidifying agent we use. But this is maybe for another topic...

Best regards

Yeah solid medium is bettr opion..i also do my desrtation work on ptc n choose solid media..n as al above replies it depends on varity n specis..

Solid or semi solid medium is better for micropropagation, when ypu work in liquid medium, you need change or adjust the protocol. Some specien dont grow well in liquid medium, because the hyperhidricity became a big problem- In liquid medium you can work in permanent inmersion or temporary inmersion, the latter is best, in this case, the vitrifiction, usually not appear.

Generally semisolid medium is better for micropropagation. But, most important is the plant part used and the type of plant. Can you name the plant?

Ya i also agree if ur doing micropropagation with meristem than semi solid media is best for embryo and callus u can use liquid media

Dear Darshi Patni,

It 's depend on types of plant .If ven though it is the same plant but different varieties,the response is different. How to do , we try on it . Normally we always use semisolid to solid . Because tissue can get nutreint easy than hard solid, and liquid medium you must use shaker to give the O2 for respiration and your tissue are swell it difficult to control.

I don't know that is it direct to your mind or not?

it depends entirely of the species used. oije made ​​the fences in vitro micropropagation of potato in solid I noticed only a better result INCREASE the amount of sucrose

Its depend on requirement and nature of explant .mostly solid and semi-solid media is use in micropropagation

Thank u all..........

Normally semi-solid medium is best for in vitro micropropagation. But for embryogenesis liquid medium is better.

In-vitro micropropagation,which media should be selected ? Firest of all, the aim should be clear, such as callus or adventitious buds induced. Second, which explants could be used in micropropagation.

It is my question too. If you get the satisfactory answer, can you tell me?

To depend on kind plant and type work that do.

Liquid medium is better in terms of nutrient avialability , but proper handling is required when we talk about sterility.

you can lose your culture very fast. semi solid is more safe than liquid, and yo can also get very good results out of it.

Better go for Cell suspension culture

I think semi solid media should be proper nutrient medium if you want to work on herb or shrub....but in some case solid medium is more preferred than liquid and semi solid. But don't go for liquid medium b'use ultimately you have to switch on solid/semi solid medium. So all the best...

Semisolid/solid media will give better responses when you go for shoot proliferation. In meristem culture liquid medium is preferred during initial stages. For rooting of shoots liquid medium with paper raft is commonly used. After all the choice of medium depends solely on the type of explant and culture experiment. For a beginner it will be better to use semisolidified agar medium.

As my experience is concern semi solid media is best for propagation from existing meristem and liquid medium is best large scale callus culture

I prefere to use semi-solid agar 6 to 7 g/l , with 8 g/l agar the medium is so hard and the plants don't growth well. You can also use phytagel ( Sigma) but because of the calcium intake by the plant, the medium will turn in almost a liquid medium in a few weeks!

If one can do any of them without problems and large production is necessary, bio-reactors is the most convenient, which uses liquid media. Perhaps for small scale, solid media would do well...

Medium status depend on species and stage of micro propagation. In some species it grows better in liquid medium. It is also stage dependent because if you need to get more multiple shoots you can use liquid media. It gives better aeration and nutrient circulation and hence grows faster. However keep in mind not to maintain long run because it gives problem such as vitrification.

hello

for Rosa foetida which media is better?

Liquid culture is better plant grouth rapidly but this is the risk of contamination

Contamination is common in all media not only for liquid medium. therefore, do all steps properly then it will automatically be free from the contaminants. I mean always keep your surrounding clean and disinfect specially when you inoculate the ex-plants. moreover it is necessary to avoid contamination with your handling of tools and other utensils.

The absorption of mineral and vitamin is easier using liquid culture media and the growth of plants is faster than solid media

I preffer semisolid medium because some metabolites are cytotoxic, this kind of media exorts the rehabsortion, u can use an allicuote of act. Charcoal..... But need to be very specific on the osmotic presure if u like exponential results.....on the other side it is easy to incorporate more vitamins, minerals and grow regulators before the liquefaction and the esterilization; about the adition of some antibiotic, antioxidant, proteins or derivates of that need to be after the esterilization and not aplly when the media stay to hot (for the denaturalization).

It is depend on your material. If your material is stem, shoot, solid medium is better, if your explant is cell, liquid is better

for Somatic embryo-genesis liquid culture is very good option there are new techniques available such as temporary immersion system for micro-propagation. For other study semi solid medium is used. Keep one thing in mind that solidification with gelling agent is generally supports the explant and as the conce. of gelling agent increases which limits the availability of the nutrients to explant. there you can use 0.8% agar or 2.5% Clerigel / Phytagel (A type of Gellan gum). Some worker used cotton as a supporting material instead of gelling agent.

Murashige Skoog

Basal Salts Mixtures

Media including Organics

Basal Salts Mixtures

M 5524

M 0654

M 0529

M 0153

M 2909

M 8900

M 8280

Murashige and Skoog basal salt mixture (MS)

Murashige and Skoog basal salt macronutrient solution

Murashige and Skoog basal salt micronutrient solution

Murashige and Skoog modified basal salt mixture

Murashige and Skoog modified basal salt mixture

Murashige and Skoog modified basal salt mixture

Murashige and Skoog modified basal salt mixture

Component (mg/L) M 5524 M 0654 M 0529 M 0153 M 2909 M 8900 M 8280

Aluminum chloride • 6H2O

Ammonium nitrate 1650.0 1650.0 825.0 825.0

Ammonium phosphate monobasic

Ammonium sulfate

Boric acid 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2

Calcium chloride anhydrous 332.2 332.2 166.1 332.2 332.2 332.2

Calcium nitrate

Calcium phosphate tribasic

Cobalt chloride • 6H2O 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025

Cupric sulfate • 5H2O 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025

Na2-EDTA 37.26 37.3 18.63 37.26 37.26 37.26

ZnNa2-EDTA

Ferric chloride • 6H2O

Ferric citrate

Ferric sulfate

Ferric tartrate • 2H2O

Ferrous sulfate • 7H2O 27.8 27.8 13.9 27.8 27.8

Magnesium sulfate 180.7 180.7 90.35 180.7 180.7 180.7

Manganese chloride • 4H2O

Manganese sulfate • H2O 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9

Molybdenum trioxide

Molybdic acid (sodium salt) • 2H2O 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25

Nickel chloride • 6H2O

Nickel sulfate • 6H2O

Potassium chloride

Potassium iodide 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.83

Potassium nitrate 1900.0 1900.0 950.0 1900.0 950.0 1900.0

Potassium phosphate monobasic 170.0 170.0 85.0 170.0 170.0 170.0

Potassium sulfate

Sodium nitrate 1751.0

Sodium phosphate monobasic

Sodium sulfate

Zinc nitrate • 6H2O

Zinc sulfate • 7H2O 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6

Organics (mg/L) M 5524 M 0654 M 0529 M 0153 M 2909 M 8900 M 8280

Activated charcoal

Adenine hemisulfate

Agar

6-Benzylaminopurine (BA)

D-Biotin

6gamma-gamma-

Dimethylallylaminopurine

Glycine (free base)

Indole-3-acetic acid

Indole-3-butyric acid

Kinetin

MES (free acid)

myo-Inositol

alpha-Naphthaleneacetic acid

Nictotinic acid (free acid)

Peptone

Pyridoxine • HCl

Sucrose

Thiamine • HCl

M 5524 M 0654 M 0529 M 0153 M 2909 M 8900 M 8280

Grams of powder to prepare 1 L 4.3 n/a n/a 2.2 2.7 2.6 4.4

pH 1 0.5 at room temperature 3.9 4.3 3.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.1

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It's hard to say which is better or absolutely best. It depends on your cultured material and purpose. Solid culture is most common used culture method. But for cell ture, maybe, liquid culture is better. If you want to carry out somatic embryogenesis, liquied culture coule also be sonsidered.

Semi solid media

For shoot initiation and formation solid media works but for in vitro shoot multiplication and rooting response of liquid media is fast and more effective

Yeah solid media works well...coz less chance of contamination..but ya for a cell and for the proper root development liquid media more prefer...coz i hadface problm in observing root growth in solid media...

As others describe I think this is depend on your material ( the plant or the part of the plant you use it ) some use solid media which give good results for micropropagation . i suggest to you to try use all these three types of media and then you will know which one is better for your culture.

It depends upon the explant and objective of the research.

It mainly depends on sensitivity of the explants to water potential, if this is not correct then the explants become vitreous. Some plants are very sensitive to even small level of agar concentrations in the medium.

You just cannot generalize one has to try all these in system he want and then decide which one is better.Generally liquid medium in many plants result to Hyperhydricity which is not desirable feature.

It depends upon the objective of the research and the explant used for in-vitro culture.

Semi solid media are the best for the process of micro propagation as it will give a farm base and in rooting stage the concentration of agar may be minimized as because the gelly like media help in the better absorption of the nutrients through the small roots so agar of 6 mg/L may be used at rooting stage.

It really depends upon research scopes and in vitro propagation stage. Most of the time solid media are used for routine in vitro micro propagation, for example once you use single node explants. However in rooting stage it is recommended to decrease the agar concentration for better rooting. You should also use liquid culture for example for cell suspension culture or hairy roots while you are going to produce the secondary metabolites in vitro. For fragmented shoot apex culture semi solid media works well (Salami et al., 2009).

My experience with bananas and some tropical medicinal plants- plantlets detived from liquid cultures are more difficult to acclimatise than those produced in solid media.

As told by several people, the liquid or solid medium choice depends on the plant material.

For instance with vitis, oak or lilium my best results were obtained with solid media but with potato or raspberry the liquid medium gave good results.

With potato if you want to obtain tuber, you have to use liquid medium but if you prefer a plantlet the solid medium is needed.

For in vitro culture, the medium composition (liquid, solid, carbohydrate, vitamins, hormons...) stays the main critical point to take in account.

Basic approach in plant tissue culture is as follows:

Micropropagation (meristem culture-shoot apex/axillary bud) on solid medium'

Organogenesis: callus induction on solid medium, further proliferation of callus preferably in liquid medium, organogenesis (morphogenesis)i.e.shoot and root formation on solid medium; rooting may be on raft culture with liquid culture;

somatic embryogenesis: callus induction on solid medium, callus proliferation either on solid or liquid medium, somatic embryo induction and further stages either on solid medium or in liquid medium; cell culture for secondary metabolites better in liquid medium. Hence, the selection of the medium is based on the protocols proposed.

Agree with mandala Rao.

I do agree with Askok Ahuja and Mahmood Marziah that despite regeneration advantages in liquid media, since nutrient flow is easier, there are several disadvantages of using liquid media. If I believe in micro propagation as Mandali Rao has stated then it is better to use semisolid media provided if the intended explant does not show recalcitrancy in resuming in vitro growth or it does not exude phenolic substances that pose serious difficulty in initial establishment of the explant. So the researcher has to notice carefully that how the explant in initial culture behaves under in vitro system. Regards, MNA

Many years ago I studied the in vitro cultivation of M26 apple rootstock in liquid culture. A great problem was represented by the vitrification (hyperhydricity) of theproliferated shoots which compromised their growth.

I think we need more information, to answer the question, because some plants growth easily in liquid media, in this condition the rate multiplication is higher than the solid media, but some species develop hyperhydricity. The hyperhydricity, is a complex problem, so I advise you start with semi solid media. If you achieve a good result in solid media, you can advance one step trying liquid media.

I agree with Alicia. In my experience we had to use some specific antioxidant compounds to overcome the hyperhydricity, but the problem is related to the genotype.

In my opinion and experience though it varies from plant to plant but normally to initiate the culture solid medium is needed but for in vitro multiplication liquid medium perform better, In a comparison between liquid, solid and semisolid medium on sugarcane, Potato and some ornamental plants, it was observed that results obtained in liquid medium were about 2-3 days earlier and growth was quit fast as compared to solid and semi solid medium.

Hi

I think it depends on your plant.u can understand it fro the articles that are about micropropagation of your plant.I worked on Wild species of rose.I used liquid culture for rooting stage and compare it with solid and semisolid medium, I resulted that liquid medium was better that both of them and they rooted easily and quickly.also the roots were strong than other media.but i used solid medium for proliferation stage.So i think liquid medium is better because the expalnt can get the nutrients easily and quickly but it has some disadvantages like the phenol and some toxic materials will spread easily in the whole medium.So I think it depends on your plant and regards to articles and other Scientists research on your plant, u can decide to choose which media.

I hope I could help u.

I would like to try liquid culture but being in a tropical environment, our contamination rate is so high it might not work. For solid culture, if my vessels are too big, I lose too much when a single vessel gets contaminated.

first of all you have to check how the contamination so high? may be several reasons behind that.. then after that think about vessel size, when vessles are too big it is easy to contaminate. therefore,select vessel according to your explant size. then only you can think about the media status.

Liquid culture will be the best for in vitro micropropagation

Liquid media are used in automated systems as Temporary Immersion System for massal micropropagation, even though they can be applied  certainly on a limited number of species. Liquid media could induce some problems, as hyperydricity or vitrification during multipliction phase