I've run into a very interesting problem in trying to run down a reference and perhaps some of my academic friends can help. I'm trying to include author and references for all taxonomic names I use in publications and I'm having problems running down the publication for Brachiopoda (Phylum). I've found the author as Duméril with dates of 1806 and 1808. I can't find a reference for 1808 and the one I found for 1806 - https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51136407?fbclid=IwAR3-ZacEuBL09auFgs0xDAbGN7Bn8yjrAjGVX6fE1nfp-0pR-AQYp7p31gw#page/182/mode/1up, but according to p. 170 the name should be Brachiopoden, not Brachiopoda.
Sandy Carlson a brachiopod expert I've worked with in the past when asked this question today answered: "This is what I have used for Brachiopoda for a long time; numerous other brachiopod workers have used the same reference over the years:
Phylum BRACHIOPODA
Duméril, 1806
[Brachiopoda DUMÉRIL, 1806, p. 154] [=Palliobraches DE BLAINVILLE, 1814,
p. 179; Spirobrachiophora GRAY, 1821, p. 238; Palliobrachiata DE
BLAINVILLE, 1824, p. 298; Brachionopoda AGASSIZ, 1848, p. 145;
Brachionacephala BRONN, 1862, p. 224; Brachionoconchae BRONN, 1862, p. 228]
This is quite interesting, because I see Brachiopoden on page 170 and first mentioned even earlier on page 154 (in Mollusken), but the index (page 351) refers to "Brachiopoda, page 170.” How does one handle this sort of thing? I don’t honestly know — do you know?"
Aside from resolving this problem with the name I still need to find a complete reference for Duméril's, Brachiopoda reference. If its the 1906 reference I don't understanding German(?) I have trouble interpreting the title paper at the Biodiversity link above.
Thanks for your help and sharing your knowledge.
Sorry, something went wrong.
Brachiopoden is the German vernacular for Brachiopoda. Translated into (American) English it would be something like:
No. 106
Fifth order Brachiopods
Shell bearing, headless mollusks, with fringed, retractable tentacles that can be withdrawn into the cemented shell.
Cheers,
Gijs
Small addition: The German vernacular "Brachiopoden" might actually not constitute an available name, but fortunately Dumeril used the Latin "Brachiopoda" (or actually Greek) in the text as well.
The correct name is Brachipoda (Phylum); it has two valves: brachial valve and pedicel valve. Both of them are hinged by interlocking processes and pedicel emerging through pedicel valve.
The correct name is Brachiopoda, no Brachipoda, it is an error mine.
I know what is supposed the correct name, but why and in what publication? I have now found four difference citations to difference references for the origin of the name. Also why is Brachiopoden automatically changed to Brachiopoda, who did it and when?
Brachiopoden is the Germany vernacular, but you know The International Code of Zoology Nomenclature stablished the cientific names like Phylum, Families, Genus and Species, etc must to be written in Latin, so Dumeril used the Latin Brachiopoda.
So Brachipoden not constitute an available name.
This is an interesting question. I thought the answer would be easy, but in fact it slightly more complicated.
So the name BRACHIOPODA was introduced by DUMÉRIL.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/André_Marie_Constant_Duméril
Duméril, A.-M. C. 1805. Zoologie analytique, ou méthode naturelle de
classification des animaux, rendue plus facile à l’aide de
tableaux synoptiques, 344. Paris: Allais. [‘1806’; see Gregory
2010 about the date of publication].
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/44835
on page 170 (in Latin).
In the new Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology (Pt H, revised, vol. 2, p. 28, 2000) the authorship of this phylum is correctly ascribed to Duméril with the date 1806 and there are several younger synonyms, but the page number is incorrect (p. 154 is about mollusks, and p. 155 there are 'brachiopodes' in French).
The French Traite de Zoologie [vol. 5, fasc. 2, p. 1380 (1960)] gives 'Brachiopoda Cuvier 1802', but, as explained in detail by Muir-Wood (A history of the classification of the phylum Brachiopoda, 1954, p. 8)
https://ia803409.us.archive.org/3/items/muir-wood-classification-brachiopoda/Muir-WoodClassificationBrachiopoda_Images.pdf
Cuvier (1802)
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87296#page/5/mode/1up
correctly described the necessity of separating brachiopods from other 'mollusks', but did not propose any name. In a 1805 paper he used a French name, but the first to use a nomenclaturally valid Latin name was Duméril (see Muir-Wood, p. 10).
If I remember correctly, there were two editions of Duméril's book, and a German translation. See details in the following ref.:
Gregory, S.M.S. 2010. The two ‘editions’ of Duméril’s Zoologie
analytique, and the potential confusion caused by Froriep’s
translation Analytische Zoologie. Zoological Bibliography 1(1):
6–8.
This may be the origin of your Brachiopoden.
So apparently the first edition of Duméril's book was published already in 1805, even if it bears the date 1806.
This is why I most often write
Phylum Brachiopoda Duméril, 1805 (‘1806’)
but some editors do not accept such spelling.
Thank you Adam for your thoughtful and detailed response. I appreciate your work.
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