Research question are prepared only after research design hypothesis and mode of research is finalized. Once parameters and method to solve are determined then research questions are framed to extract required information or data. Globally we have seen candidates first decide outcome and have no research design and start moving with questionnaires for survey. This is wrong.

You clearly articulate a key point about the research process. It is critical that we establish a sound research design and methodology before we formulate our research question. We define the parameters and methodology first, which ensures that the question is relevant, focused, and will produce data that directly addresses the research objectives. As you correctly observe, jumping right into data collection (e.g., surveys) without an appropriate design often results in information that is irrelevant or unusable. The candidate’s example of deciding the results before the research begins highlights this problem perfectly; biased methods lead to biased results.

Psychological research suggests the most effective revision techniques include active recall, spaced repetition, interleaved practice, and elaborative interrogation. These methods enhance memory retention and understanding far more than passive techniques like rereading or highlighting, with studies showing significant performance improvements using these strategies.