Surface winds diverge at latitudes near 30 degrees, both north and south of the equator. These latitudes are known as the subtropical high-pressure belts. In these regions, the prevailing winds, known as the trade winds, converge at the equator and then diverge as they move toward higher latitudes. This divergence of surface winds is associated with the downward motion of air from higher altitudes to the surface, creating areas of high pressure.

Regarding the upper atmosphere along the equator:

• In the upper atmosphere along the equator, the situation is different from the surface. The upper atmosphere, specifically the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, exhibits a pattern of convergence rather than divergence along the equator. This convergence in the upper atmosphere is called the Equatorial Easterlies or Equatorial Upper Convergence.

Here's how it works:

In summary, surface winds diverge near 30 degrees north and south of the equator, in the subtropical high-pressure belts. In the upper atmosphere along the equator, the upper-level winds converge, leading to the formation of the Tropical Easterly Jet and contributing to the Earth's atmospheric circulation patterns.

Dr Gaurav H Tandon thank you for your contribution to the discussion

The horse latitudes are located at about 30 degrees north and south of the equator. It is common in this region of the subtropics for winds to diverge and either flow toward the poles or toward the equator. As a result, there is a balance of forces acting on the Earth's surface. The horse latitudes are an area of high pressure at about 30° to 35° latitude (north or south) where winds diverge into the adjacent zones of Hadley or Ferrel cells, and which typically have light winds, sunny skies, and little precipitation. Due to the rotation of the earth, there is a buildup of air at about 30° north latitude. Some of the air sinks, causing a belt of high-pressure at this latitude. The sinking air reaches the surface and flows north and south. Long the equator the rising air creates a low pressure region called the doldrums, or the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). At 30o latitude there are high pressure zones of descending air known as the horse latitudes, or the subtropical highs. To compensate for the rising air, surface air flows toward the equator, resulting in convergence and further uplift. Continuity of this circulation results in a global circulation with rising air at the equator and sinking air at the poles. At the Equator, the sun warms the water and land more than it does the rest of the globe. Warm equatorial air rises higher into the atmosphere and migrates toward the poles. This is a low-pressure system. At the same time, cooler, denser air moves over Earth's surface toward the Equator to replace the heated air. Part of the air rising at 60° latitude diverges at high altitude toward the poles and creates the polar cell. The rest moves toward the equator where it collides at 30° latitude with the high-level air of the Hadley cell. Due to the rotation of the earth, there is a buildup of air at about 30° north latitude. (The same phenomenon occurs in the Southern Hemisphere). Some of the air sinks, causing a belt of high-pressure at this latitude. The sinking air reaches the surface and flows north and south. As air rises above the surface it diverges near the top of the troposphere and moves poleward. Advancing toward the pole the air begins to converge at between about 25 and 35 degrees north and south latitude.