please  explain a specific scenario.

what do you mean by "memory wise"?  and "physical manner"?  it may help to explain your specific need.

Thanks all................bit by bit (memory) comparison.

Example

File 1: It contains  1kb(1,..............1024bytes) of data.

File 2:It contains 2kb(1,.........2048bytes) of data.But File 2 contains file 1 data and also its own data.

How to extract or find the file1 data in file 2?Is there any tool available to find memory comparison?

Your description is still unclear.  I think you mean "find a given 1k string within another string of 2k, a position which may not by byte-aligned".  But there is nothing especially subtle about the bit-alignment aspect (though I think you misuse "memory" in hopes of expressing this).

One very simple solution is just to perform 8 searches for bit-shifted versions of pattern1 within pattern2 (with suitable handling of the edges).  Another would be to define a hash function defined on sequence of 8k bits - performing the bitwise match on pattern2 will cost at most 8k hash evaluations (plus one hash on pattern1).  With either approach, you don't necessarily have to search for the whole pattern1 (either by byte comparisons or by hash): just find matches for a shorter substring, and only consider those partial matches when verifying a full match.

Of course, it's also true that the entire literature on string matching applies to this case perfectly well - which makes me wonder why the question is being asked...

Hello,

What kind of files do you want to compare? plain text files? tabular data files?

Which kind of comparison do you want to achieve? structural comparison? data types comparison? data values comparison?

Best regards

Thanks all.........

Example

File1 :Microsoft word having a content.

File 2:Microsoft notepad also having same content as present in Microsoft word.

Now my question is both the files having same data .How to find these similar data?

File 1: Word format( .docx)

#include

main()

{

printf("xyz");

}

File 2:Notepad format( .txt)

#include

main()

{

printf("xyz");

}

How to find similar data present in different format files? Is there any tool available.

In my opinion, there are some problems you have to solve before wanting to analyse a word document (for comparing with other file or other goal):

1 - it is a proprietary format

2 - it is not machine-readable in the sense that you cannot directly analyse its content. (like for example PDF format)

I am not saying it is not possible to get the content of a word file. However, to do so, you will have to use some external APIs/libraries.

The same does not happen with a notepad file (txt format) which is a machine-readable format which can be read without any kind of special API.

So, if you have the possibility to compare 2 different "notepad" files, it is better.

Is there any simulation tool available to compare(machine language) these formats?

Ya.Now i understand but whether it possible?

yes, of course: content can be extracted from docx files and compared to plain text.  if by "machine language" you mean "executable code", it's even easier, since executable formats are very well-documented.

the real issue here is what you mean by "compare".  if you're extracting text, do you mean specifically to ignore formatting?  for executables, do you only want to compare executable instructions, ignoring all the data and metadata (symbol names, etc)?

 Thank you Mr.Mark .I need good example for these issue .Can you suggest?

On linux, pdftotxt uses ghostscript to render a PDF to plain text; I'm certain LibreOffice could be used to extract text from a docx file.  To exposed machine code from an executable, the obvious solution would be objdump or realelf.