They can be used for identifying some property at the suburbs. Also, as buffer zones, protected the cars and trucks from livestock and herds of animals, on the highways between provinces.
- Murrani, Sana. "Baghdad’s thirdspace: Between liminality, anti-structures and territorial mappings." Cultural Dynamics 28, no. 2 (2016): 189-210.
- Al-Kaisy, Aida. "Normalization of War and Conflict in Iraq’s Iraqiya Televison." Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 10, no. 2-3 (2017): 234-254.