Anyone who could help me by providing a method or software for analyzing the correlation between temporal rainfall attributes and crop production (Impact of rainfall seasonality on crop production), please.
If you have access to long time series of both rainfall and crop production (>100 yrs) machine learning methods can help you to model the relationship between these two variable. Neural network, for example can be found as Python modules.
You could also look in the literature for relationships between crop production and climate for a given crop and try to explore further these relationships with R.
FAO presents a software, water management for crops called CROPWAT, it is a decision support tool developed by the FAO Land and Water Development Division. CROPWAT 8.0 for Windows is a computer program for calculating the water needs of crops and irrigation based on soil, climate and crop data. In addition, the program allows the development of irrigation programs for different management conditions and the calculation of the water supply scheme for different crop patterns. CROPWAT 8.0 can also be used to evaluate farmers' irrigation practices and estimate crop yields under both irrigated and rainfed conditions.