Dear Randa M.Osman

Please find attached herewith BOD/ COD generated from Tobacco Industries.Further Probably the most impact of a cigarette on the environment is the production of them. The land used to grow the crops that could be put to better use by planting more trees or food production. The tobacco crops are sprayed with harmful chemicals and pesticides, because tobacco is a very fragile plant the risk of disease is greater. Consider the amount of trees used to produce and package cigarettes and tobacco products.

A productive cigarette making machine can use in excess of 4 miles of paper per hour just to roll them, this does not include the packaging. One tree is wasted for every 300 cigarettes produced. It is not rocket science to imagine what these lungs of the earth should be doing for the planet. The tobacco industry is trying to plant more trees, but since these trees are used to dry the tobacco, rolling and packaging them, concern for the environment is not present. Concern is not given to the pollutants put into our bodies, so is there concern for the pollutants put into the environment?

Do the chemicals leached out of them just ‘go away’—biodegraded and diluted by our streams, rivers and oceans  Cigarette butts contain all the carcinogenic chemicals, pesticides, and nicotine that make tobacco use the leading cause of preventable death worldwide, yet they are commonly, unconsciously and inexcusably dumped by the trillions (5.6 trillions and counting) into the global environment each year.

 cigarette waste kill aquatic organisms and whether, much like discarded antibiotics and, in our water systems.  Social and economic impacts of cigarette waste, including costs to localities for butt clean-up and degradation of urban Environments.

Butt really, what is needed now is for tobacco control and environmental activists to work together to hold the global cigarette industry accountable for the toxic mess they've caused.

Regards,

Prem Baboo

The brewing industry, that is part of the alcohol industry, has had similar issues related to those in the tobacco industry, in that they have all contributed to the negative effect of excessive consumption of the final products having severe consequences on health and social behavior.

This leads to the comments made on the tobacco industry, aggravated by the fact that research carried out on the negative attributes of tobacco has come to light comparatively recently.

The brewing and wine industries has been more open on research regarding the benefits of moderate consumption, at the same time as stressing the importance of moderate consumption and being involved in public programmes to combat alcohol indulgence and abuse.

The two following papers show the commitment by the brewing industry to ongoing research and good practice on the subjects of "Environmental Management" and "Beer is Food".

The measurement of COD and BOD is done on the liquid effluent from breweries and smiler industries.

"The treatment of brewery wastewater for reuse. State of the Art" by Geoffrey S. Simate et al, "Beer is food - a recipe to sustain the brewing industry in South Africa", by J Cluett et al published in https://www.researchgate.net/profile/John_Cluett

Dear Randa M. Osman 

Determination COD and BOD for solid material require some operation:

1. firstly you can weigh an amount of solid materials (about 10 - 20 g) .

2. Then you can suspend that  in a distilled water (about 1000 ml).

3. Then you have to mix this suspended solution by a magnetic stirrer (about 20 min).

4. After a settling time (about 1 h) in an Imhoff cone  (1 L), you can take a sample of supernatant for BOD5 and COD as 'standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater' a reference book the same as water and wastewater (may be need to have a centrifuge the supernatant for soluble BOD and COD.

5.Then, you have to convert the result as mg/kg solid material. For example if you put 10 g solid waste for 1 liter distilled water and obtained 100 ppm COD, you can convert it [(100mg×1000g/kg)/10g]=10000mg/kg or 10gCOD/kg solid material.

I hope, the mentioned materials could help you.

Best Regards

Thank you for all, I shall try your method Dr Zabihollah Yousefi

It's my pleasure