In the case of COVID-19, certain amino acid changes have been found to be associated with virulence and viral spread. For example, the D614G mutation of the viral spike protein (S) has been associated with more efficient spread and increased pathogenicity.
Other mutations have also been reported, such as N501Y, which is also located in the tip and is associated with increased migration. Another mutation, E484K, also located in the peak protein, was associated with increased antibody resistance.
These mutations can also affect the development of vaccines and treatments against COVID-19, as they can affect the effectiveness of these treatments by changing the structure of a protein often targeted by these interventions. However, it is important to note that amino acid changes are not unique to COVID-19 and are common in viruses. Scientists are closely monitoring the mutations in COVID-19 to better understand their impact on virulence, spread and treatment options.