It looks like Tinospora cordifolia from the Family Menispermaceae.
Please look for the following features:
It is a glabrous climber with heart shaped leaves. The bark is succulent and creamy white to grey in colour, with deep clefts spotted with lenticels, long, slender aerial roots.
The name Cyclea peltata has been applied to a number of different species. As far as I know, in Bangladesh you should rather find Cyclea barbata than true C. peltata. (The latter would occur in southern India and Sri Lanka.) Is it possible to check, if the margin of the leaves is hairy or ciliate? This would be the distinguishing character for C. barbata. Moreover, also the shape of the leaves here gives an indication for C. barbata. They usually are more or less heart-shaped in C. barbata (see http://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p02374409 ) and rather elongate-triangular in C. peltata (see https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p02374501 ). However, there is some overlap in this character.
Cyclea peltata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson is a variable species, shows variability in nature of indumentum and in shape and size of leaves in Indian subcontinent. It is difficult to differentiate Cyclea barbata Miers from Cyclea peltata in field and in hebaria because many intermediate forms can be easily seen. See the types specimens at K, CAL and other herbaria.
Cyclea barbata Miers is treated as accepted species in some Floras and in Plant List, but treated as synonym under Cyclea peltata by Hook. f. & Thomson in Flora of British India (1: 104. 1872). As per my opinion treatment of Hook. f. & Thomson is correct . Other names described my Miers is also treated as synonym under Cyclea peltata by Hook. f. & Thomson.
I was following the Menispermaceae treatment by A.Pramanik & M.Gangopadhyay (1993) in Flora of India, Vol. 1 (http://www.nhbs.com/title/45693/flora-of-india-volume-1-ranunculaceae-barclayaceae ), edited from your institution, where both species are separated. See also: http://efloraindia.nic.in/efloraindia/taxonList.action?id=1713&type=3 . Also in several publications by L.L.Forman, e.g. flora treatments for Sri Lanka and Thailand, both C. peltata and C. barbata are kept separate. Don't you think, that the treatment by Hook.f. & Thomson from 1872 is a bit outdated now?
To treat Cyclea barbata Miers as synonym under Cyclea peltata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson, is my personal opinion based on my field and herbarium studies, I have collected this species from different states of India. It is difficult to differentiate these two species from the description given in floras (cited by you and others) for Cyclea barbata and Cyclea peltata because I see many specimens in herbaria and fields showing overlapping characters. I did not found any constant character in flowers (male or female) to differentiate these two species.
At present, Cyclea barbata Miers is accepted species, to treat it as synonyms needs future detailed study.
Thanks for the link to this short publication from South India. If the illustration there is exactly matching this plant, I am thinking about the possibility, this might be some additional local species, not recognized until now. These strikingly long-acuminate leaf tips fall somewhat outside the normal variability of C. barbata from Myanmar through Malesia, as seen in scanned herbarium specimens from L, P.