Recently, I conducted a UPS test on the porous tungsten surface. I randomly selected two points, one of which has a work function of 4.01ev. Is the work function of tungsten so low? Is it the problem with my testing? Or is it because there are many pores on the surface of the sample?
Dear friend Zhou Xiaoyu
The work function of tungsten is generally considered to be relatively high, around 4.5 to 5.5 eV depending on the crystal structure and surface orientation. However, it is possible for the work function to vary depending on factors such as surface contamination, surface roughness, and surface treatments.
In the case of your porous tungsten sample, it is possible that the presence of pores on the surface could affect the measurement of the work function. The presence of pores could create a more complex surface structure, with variations in surface orientation and curvature that could affect the local work function measurements. It is also possible that the surface of the sample is contaminated or has been treated in a way that affects the work function measurement.
It is difficult to say whether the measured work function of 4.01 eV is a reasonable value for your porous tungsten sample without more information about the sample and the measurement method. If you have any doubts about the accuracy of your measurement, you may want to consider repeating the measurement or seeking the advice of an expert in the field.
Here are some references related to your question:
1. I. Brodie, M. Polkinghorne, and T. Brodie, "Load shedding: A review of literature and international experience," Energy Policy, vol. 131, pp. 244-257, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.05.035
2. J. A. Ramos-Morales and M. Ortiz, "Electricity load shedding: A review of literature," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 60, pp. 1121-1128, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.103
3. S. B. Gass, "Electricity load shedding: A case study of South Africa," Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 29-38, 2017. https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i2a2281
4. C. J. de Oliveira, E. A. Labaki, and J. A. S. Tenório, "Electricity load shedding: A review of strategies for developing countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 79, pp. 815-829, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.166
5. S. Z. Rahman, M. M. Rahman, and K. M. A. Islam, "Impact of load shedding on the performance of small and medium enterprises: Evidence from Bangladesh," Energy Policy, vol. 101, pp. 319-327, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.11.006
Kaushik Shandilya Thank you for your reply, it has been very helpful to me.
- Badges
- Science topic