Dear, there are many different factors that affect climate around the world. It is the varying influence of these factors that lead to different parts of the Earth experiencing differing climates. The most important natural factors are: distance from the sea, ocean currents, direction of prevailing winds, shape of the land (known as 'relief' or 'topography'), distance from the equator, the El Niño phenomenon.

It is now widely accepted that human activity is also affecting climate, and that the impact is not the same everywhere. For example, changes appear to be happening faster near the poles than in many other places. In this tutorial we will look at some of these factors in more detail.

Hi.

Internal and external forcings

internal forcings are internally generated variability e.g ENSO, AMO, and the PDO. An example of Internal variability which exists on a longer time scale is Thermohaline Circulation.

An external forcing is a type of climate forcing agent that impacts the climate system while being outside of the climate system itself. External forcings include galactic variations, orbital variations, and solar variations - such as sunspots.

lastly, volcanic eruption, changes in atmospheric circulation etc are also important.

Read more on IPCC reports.

cheers.

May be Temperature, Light, and Water!

Dear, there are many different factors that affect climate around the world. It is the varying influence of these factors that lead to different parts of the Earth experiencing differing climates. The most important natural factors are: distance from the sea, ocean currents, direction of prevailing winds, shape of the land (known as 'relief' or 'topography'), distance from the equator, the El Niño phenomenon.

It is now widely accepted that human activity is also affecting climate, and that the impact is not the same everywhere. For example, changes appear to be happening faster near the poles than in many other places. In this tutorial we will look at some of these factors in more detail.

There are many factors are affected by climate changes, some of which are direct e.g. level sea, glob temperature..... and some of which are indirect such as the effects on human, plant ......

It is very important to reproductive activity of plants ...

So, the number of flowers in inflorescences depends of température and humidité ..

'Climate change' represents,

1. 'Unrest' with 'Nature'

2. 'Consciousness'

3. 'Naturalism'

4. 'Transformation'

There are many different factors that affect climate around the world. It is the varying influence of these factors that lead to different parts of the Earth experiencing differing climates

Distance from the sea (Continentality)

The sea affects the climate of a place. Coastal areas are cooler and wetter than inland areas. Clouds form when warm air from inland areas meets cool air from the sea.  The centre of continents are subject to a large range of temperatures.  In the summer, temperatures can be very hot and dry as moisture from the sea evaporates before it reaches the centre of the land mass.

Direction of prevailing winds

📷Winds that blow from the sea often bring rain to the coast and dry weather to inland areas.  Winds that blow to Britain from warm inland areas such as Africa will be warm and dry.  Winds that blow to Britain from inland areas such as central Europe will be cold and dry in winter. Britain's prevailing (i.e. most frequently experienced) winds come from a south westerly direction over the Atlantic.  These winds are cool in the summer, mild in the winter and tend to bring wet weather.

The shape of the land ('relief')

📷Climate can be affected by mountains. Mountains receive more rainfall than low lying areas because as air is forced over the higher ground it cools, causing moist air to condense and fall out as rainfall.

The higher the place is above sea level the colder it will be.  This happens because as altitude increases, air becomes thinner and is less able to absorb and retain heat. That is why you may see snow on the top of mountains all year round.

Human influence

📷The factors above affect the climate naturally.  However, we cannot forget the influence of humans on our climate.  Early on in human history our effect on the climate would have been quite small.  However, as populations increased and trees were cut down in large numbers, so our influence on the climate increased.  Trees take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.  A reduction in trees will therefore have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

The Industrial Revolution, starting at the end of the 19th Century, has had a huge effect on climate.  The invention of the motor engine and the increased burning of fossil fuels have increased the amount of carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas - more on that later) in the atmosphere.  The number of trees being cut down has also increased, reducing the amount of carbon dioxide that is taken up by forests.