What is the reason of huge shift of Pr-3d XPS spectra of single crystal as compared to its bulk polycrystalline pyrochlore oxide (Pr2B2O7) sample?

I have Pr-3d XPS spectra of single crystal and its bulk polycrystalline sample of pyrochlore oxides, Pr2B2O7, where B = Zr, Ti or transition metal elements. Here, the oxidation state of Pr and B...

30 August 2020 2,125 4 View